The Student Room - Psychology

Sixth form PSYCHOLOGY G541 (psy investigations) OCR

Bubblegum_16z — Wed, 22 May 2013 01:49:55 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Chevy Wood

Does anyone have a model answer for the 10 mark questions?

http://www.wiziq.com/tutorial/122510...1-OCR-AS-Level

hope this helps

Sixth form AQA A Psychology AS PSYA1 PSYA2 June 2013

georgina265 — Tue, 21 May 2013 23:46:39 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by PiarraFR

Banking on half term for psya2 revision!

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Same here :p

Psychology PSYA3/PSYA4 revision thread for 2013!

SoRo — Tue, 21 May 2013 22:37:05 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by jadecross

Sorry it's not in the book, I thought it was but it's not. It's actually in another mini book my teacher gave me, I'll show it to you tomorrow. :)

Yes i knew that (48 for an A*) but they mark really really harsh so it all levels out haha.

Sure :) thank you

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Sixth form Unit 1 - Psychology AQA A AS Tutor Online Here..

doctordee — Tue, 21 May 2013 22:03:17 GMT

Sorry everyone.
Been really busy but looking at past papers there will be an essay on memory which is looking sucky.

Sixth form Wjec Psychology PY3 & PY4 thread

beautywithbrains — Tue, 21 May 2013 21:59:45 GMT

How is everyone managing to learn all these essays?? It seems impossible and then I hear about previous students who get the top grades in this, how is that possible?

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Sixth form AQA PSYCHOLOGY B UNIT 1 22nd May 2013

Nay95 — Tue, 21 May 2013 21:58:53 GMT

Anyone know the questions that came out for the January2013 paper

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Sixth form Aqa b -psychology unit 4

hollywils — Tue, 21 May 2013 21:58:03 GMT

June paper only!

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Sixth form PSYA1 22nd May

timwh — Tue, 21 May 2013 21:27:03 GMT

I'm thinking it could be Levels of Processing related, this hasn't come up since 2009/2010 and edexcel love recycling old questions :P Hope all goes well :)

Studying Psychology

victoriagrace — Tue, 21 May 2013 21:06:30 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Popstudent78

Thanks cool, i imagine to like geography with the case studies then haha :) what else are you studying?

English Language, Art and EPQ. I took Government and Politics as my AS level but it was my least favorite, and least relevant to a psychology degree!

Undergraduate Binge Drinking

DoopDoopDoop — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:46:19 GMT

I got this prompt for an essay two days ago, but I don't really understand what the professor is asking. I need some help finding some examples or ideas.

Your university want to set up an “advertising campaign” to discourage binge drinking amongst undergraduate students. Using your knowledge of persuasion, advise the administration on each of the following:
What characteristics should the sources of the message have? Why? What can be done to make the sources most effective?
What types of messages will be most effective? What kinds of messages should be avoided? Be sure to discuss the possible uses of fear appeals.
You may find it helpful to discuss how the functions that drinking attitudes serve affect your choice of a persuasive strategy.

Thanks.

Postgraduate Illusion of Control

DoopDoopDoop — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:43:30 GMT

I got this prompt for an essay two days ago, but I don't really understand what the professor is asking. I need some help finding some examples or ideas.

All of us like to believe that we are in control of our own actions. However, social psychologists have often found that the attitudes, actions, and even the mere presence of other individuals can influence our behaviour.
Discuss how other people and/or social norms affect behaviour in the areas of attitude-behaviour consistency and persuasion.

Thanks.

Sixth form AQA Psychology A - AS: June 2013

gaffer dean — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:35:13 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by megfashion

what would you write for a cognitive interview 12 marker? :/

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Quote:

Originally Posted by moonziggy

the components of the cognitive interview, Geiselman's study (the blue rucksack thing). Idk what else..

for A01: The four main techniques by Geiselman et al. A02: Use Geiselman, there's also research conducted by Fisher et al who found 47% more useful information from witnesses to real crimes compared to when they had been using standard interview techniques. Bekerian & Dennet (1993) reviewed 27 studies into the effectiveness of the cognitive interview schedule and found that the cognitive interview provided more accurate information than other interview techniques (see: http://www.psychteacher.co.uk/memory...interview.html) plus there was another one about police saying why they would use standard interview technique instead of cognitive interview (which is in the cat book - student companion)

Sixth form PSYA3 AQA Psychology predictions for June 2013

AmberJade123 — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:26:06 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by CosmicVengeance

I just used different colours to make it easier to see the repeated questions like two reds would be the same question

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Ohh right, thank you :)

Secondary AQA PSYA4 Media Help

jadecross — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:24:54 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by HolyFuzazzle

Sorry, that doesn't really sound familiar to me at all. It might be a new thing they added. I'm sorry, I don't really have much on research methods at all. I;m sure you can find A level resources with google searches though.

Thanks for trying to help :) One more question (sorr, for asking so many questions :$) you know if we're asked to draw a histogram to represent the data we don't need to work out frequency density do we? For maths, we have to learn about frequency density when drawing a histogram so I wasn't too sure if we did for PSYA4.

Sixth form OCR G541 10 mark questions help

Tom Istefanous — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:22:25 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by lorobolorolo

In this question do u need to describe a whole procedure (including sample, location etc.) or just a way of measuring DV?

Describe and evaluate one way in which memory could be measured in this investigation.
[10]

For this type of question i think its just a rewording of, describe and evaluate an alternative way the dv (memory) could be measured in this investigation(context)

Explain how child care has been influenced by findings of research into attachment

K1245 — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:14:31 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Saif95

PSYA1 exam question.
How do I answer it:S

Childcare has been influenced by findings of research into attachment since it shows that if children aren't looked after by their parents then good substitute emotional care should be provided. An example of this would be the Hodges and Tizard longitudinal study which highlighted that the children were not able to form attachments and suffered problems in later life as a result of this. Because of these findings, the government has been looking to reduce the length of the adoption process so that children do not miss their sensitive period and still have a chance of bonding with an attachment figure.

Sixth form PSYA3 10th June 2013

Butterfly9595 — Tue, 21 May 2013 20:04:43 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by HarryB95

I'm doing sleep, perception, and eating behaviour. Does anyone have any predictions for any of these?

Sleep: lifespan changes or disrupting biological rhythms

Perception: Prosopagnosia has NEVER come up, and Bruce and Young haven't come up in a while

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Sixth form Who's doing the psychology resit tomorrow (edxcel)

rumenaislam — Tue, 21 May 2013 19:41:22 GMT

January 2013 mark scheme if anybody wants to have a look. :)

1 Age, sex and intelligence are all examples of
Answer Mark
A situational variables
B matched pairs
C participant variables
D demand characteristics
(1 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
2 The study by Godden and Baddeley (1975) used which type of design?
Answer Mark
A Matched pairs
B Repeated measures
C Independent groups
D Correlation
(1 AO1)
Question
Number
Question
3 Which of the following is a strength of random sampling?
Answer Mark
A It is a quick convenient and economical form of sampling.
B The researcher may be biased by choosing helpful participants.
C It provides the best chance of an unbiased representative
sample.
D It minimises order effects making the study reliable.
(1 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
4 A disadvantage of quantitative data is that it
Answer Mark
A gives data that can be tested to see if the results are
due to chance
B might produce narrow and unrealistic information
C is hard to replicate due to lack of control
D produces rich, detailed information
(1 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
5 What is the purpose of a null hypothesis?
Answer Mark
A To make an experiment more reliable and valid.
B To ensure each participant has an equal chance of taking part.
C To prevent any confounding variables from affecting the results.
D To see if any difference or relationship is due to chance.
(1 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
6 Getting stored information out of memory is also known as
Answer Mark
A forgetting
B storage
C problem solving
D retrieval
(1 AO1)
Question
Number
Question
7 Which of the following is a weakness of natural experiments?
Answer Mark
A They have high ecological validity as they are carried out
in a natural environment.
B They may be difficult to replicate as the independent
variable is not manipulated.
C They are likely to suffer from order effects as they are in a
natural environment.
D There is no dependent variable, which makes them less valid.
(1 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
8 Julie is telling her class that society needs to follow orders from
authority figures to prevent chaos.
Which theory from social psychology is Julie talking about?
Answer Mark
A Social identity
B Agency
C Charismatic leadership
D Realistic conflict
(1 AO1)
Question
Number
Question
For questions 9 and10 choose TWO answers from A, B, C, D and E.
9 Which two of the following are the best examples of shallow
processing?
Answer Mark
A Ian is checking his essay for spelling mistakes during his
lunch break.
B Ismail is summarising his speech before he leads Friday prayer.
C Karen is sitting in her car listening to music on the radio
D Peta is making some revision notes before taking her driving
theory test.
E Kevin is explaining what he did on holiday on his online blog.
(2 AO1)
Question
Number
Question
10 Which two of the following statements are true about Milgram’s
(1963) study of obedience?
Answer Mark
A The task required the participant to read out word pairs.
B Milgram himself was the actual experimenter in the original study.
C The participants were all Milgram’s friends and family.
D The participant was told to move up two switches at a time for each
wrong answer.
E 26 out 40 participants continued to the maximum voltage.
(2 AO1)
Section B
Question
Number
Question
11 (a) Many parents complain that their children watch too much TV. Imagine
that you have been asked to carry out a survey to see whether
teenagers or their parents watch more hours of TV.
Write a directional (one tailed) alternative hypothesis for your survey.
Answer Mark
No credit for null and non directional (two tailed) hypothesis
Example of a one mark answer
Teenagers will watch more TV/eq;
Example of a two mark answer
Teenagers will watch more hours of TV than their parents (or vice –
versa)/eq;
0 marks Either no mention of an (one tailed) directional hypothesis
or a very unclear prediction
1 mark A basic and appropriate directional (one tailed) hypothesis
with little elaboration. Weak IV or DV mentioned.
2 marks A clear and appropriate directional (one tailed) hypothesis
with good elaboration/operationalisation. Both IV and DV are present
and appropriate to hypothesis.
(2 AO3)
Question
Number
General Instructions
11(b)-12 Marking points are indicative, not comprehensive and other points should
be credited. In each case consider ‘or words to that effect’. Each bullet
point is a marking point unless otherwise stated, and each point made by
the candidate must be clearly and effectively communicated.
Question
Number
Question
11 (b)(i) Which participant design would be used in your survey?
Answer Mark
Reject methods or ‘different participants’.
If more than one answer given accept the first one.
• Independent groups
• Independent measures
• Unrelated design
• Independent [single word only]
• Between groups design
• Unrelated [single word only]
• Matched pairs
• Matched
(1 AO3)
Look for other reasonable marking points
Question
Number
Question
11 (b)(ii) Explain why the design you used in (b)(i) is appropriate for your
survey.
Answer Mark
2 marks for a complete answer, 1 mark for a partial answer.
Refer to levels at the end of the question
T.E. – if (b)(i) is blank but (b)(ii) gives a correct explanation for the
appropriateness of independent measures / matched pairs then full
marks can be obtained.
If (b)(i) is incorrect and (b)(ii) clearly talks about independent
measures / matched pairs, no credit.
If (b)(i) is incorrect but (b)(ii) correctly explains (b)(i) then (b)(ii) can
gain credit up to 1 mark as long as (b)(i) is a design. If (bi) is not a
design then (bii) = 0 marks.
0 marks No rewardable material (incorrect design / method)
1 mark A basic explanation with a brief outline addressing 1-2 of the
points above.
2 marks. A clear explanation and candidate has also included some
appropriate elaboration addressing points above
Examples of level 1 points:
Need two groups to compare the results
Repeated measures would not be suitable as you cannot be both a
parent and their teenager simultaneously
There is no other way to see if two different groups have two
different behaviours
Examples of level 2 points:
A comparison group is required to see if the IV (parent or teenager)
has an effect on the DV (amount of TV watched). One person cannot
be in both groups at the same time (both teenager and their parent))
(Level 2)
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(2 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
11 (c) With reference to your survey into television viewing hours, explain
two ethical guidelines that you would need to consider.
Answer Mark
Points made must be consistent with the survey
Note - If they do not reference the study at least once, max 1
All ethical guidelines are applicable here. If more than two are given
mark all and credit the best.
1 ID in total for both guidelines + 3 for explanation
Right to withdraw;
The parents / teenagers had to know that they could pull out from
the survey at any time and withdraw the data they had given/eq; (1st
mark)
And reassured that any data would be destroyed if necessary (2nd
mark)
Debriefing;
The parents / teenagers should be told all about the purpose of the
survey on TV viewing so they know what they have participated
in/eq; (1st mark)
When telling the participants about the research it’s important that
parents and teenagers are not debriefed together as it may cause
potential embarrassment/eq; (2nd mark)
Informed consent;
The parents / teenagers must give their permission to take part in
the survey after they are told what is involved/eq; (1st mark)
This is to ensure they are fully aware and understand what will
happen/eq; (2nd mark)
Confidentiality;
The results and personal details of the parents / teenagers should not
in any way be made public to anyone without their permission/eq; (1st
mark)
As people have a right for such information to remain private/eq; (2nd
mark)
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(4 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
11 (d) Explain why a survey would be the best research method to use for
this particular investigation.
Answer Mark
Must make at least one reference to this survey (parents /
teenagers/ TV) to access full marks or MAX 2)
Points made must be consistent with the design named in (bi)
• If parents/teenagers are selected at random and a large enough
sample it is possible to generalise results to a larger
population/eq;
• Closed ended questions can be used that have fixed
answers, or open ended questions with no preset answers
so surveys have more flexibility than other methods such
as laboratory experiments/eq; (2 marks)
• Questionnaires completed individually in private allow
parents/teenagers to be honest about answers. This in turn
gives the method higher ecological validity/eq;
• A survey would be more ethical than a laboratory experiment as
participants are not being made to watch possibly unsuitable
TV/eq;
• Closed questions give quantitative data which can be analysed
through graphs and charts which can be useful when
summarising data/eq;
• The survey may use standardised questions (procedure) which
can then be repeated and tested for reliability/eq;
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(4 AO3)
Question
Number
Question
12 Your younger brother will be starting psychology at college soon and
wants to know about the underlying concepts of the Cognitive
Approach.
Describe how the Cognitive Approach explains human behaviour.
Answer Mark
1 marks per point/elaboration. Real life examples should be credited if
they help illustrate a point.
e.g.
• Cognitive psychologists compare the human brain to a
computer/eq;
• Information is taken in by the senses before being processed in
the brain/eq;
• The major influence on human behaviour and emotion is how
the mind processes information/eq;
• It is then stored and retrieved from storage during recall/eq;
• Information comes into a computer through a keyboard or
software disk. Humans receive information through their
senses/eq;
• The computer then runs programs to process the information.
Humans process the information via the central nervous system
and the brain/eq;
• The computer gives out output in terms of a printout and
humans give a wide variety of outputs as behaviour/eq;
• We encode, store and retrieve information which makes up our
memory/eq;
• Theories of forgetting can tell us that we forget things due to
availability / accessibility problems/eq;
• Memory is not like a tape recorder and can be influenced by
external events and internal mechanisms/eq;
Max 1 OVERALL (such as pure description) of models / theories
/ studies etc
e.g.
• The MSM is concerned with different types of memory stores
and the role of rehearsal/eq;
• LOP tries to explain why some things are better remembered
than others/eq;
• Cue dependent theory suggests that forgetting is a result of
inaccessible cues (state and context)/eq;
• Interference would suggest that forgetting is due to new
information getting in the way of old information and vice
versa/eq;
Look for other reasonable marking points
(4 AO1)
Question
Number
Question
13 Explain the difference between prejudice and discrimination. You must
use evidence from psychological research in your answer.
Answer Mark
Suitable research includes:
Sherif (1961)
Tajfel et al (1970)
Reicher and Haslam (2006)
Lalonde (1992)
Social Identity/ Realistic conflict Theory
There are others
Refer to levels below
0 marks No rewardable material
1 mark A basic difference / correct understanding of each given
• Prejudice means to pre-judge and discrimination means to act on
the prejudice/eq; one mark
• Prejudice involves feelings of dislike and discrimination involves
insulting those you are prejudiced against/eq; one mark
2 marks A clear difference / definition of each given with no /
incorrect reference to evidence OR a basic difference with correct
reference to evidence
• Prejudice involves feelings of dislike, hostility and fear based on
stereotypes and discrimination involves actions based on these
fears such as avoidance or physical attacks/eq; two marks
3 marks A clear difference / definition of each given with
appropriate reference to evidence
• Prejudice is a learned attitude towards a target which can be
positive or negative, when the prejudiced attitude leads to
prejudiced actions this is called discrimination. For example, in
the robbers cave study the eagles burned the rattlers flag/eq;
three marks
(3 AO1)
Question
Number
General Instructions
14-15 Marking points are indicative, not comprehensive and other points should
be credited. In each case consider ‘or words to that effect’. Each bullet
point is a marking point unless otherwise stated, and each point made by
the candidate must be clearly and effectively communicated.
Question
Number
Question
14 Your friend is helping you revise and wants to see if you can pick out
the most important points from theories you have studied.
Your friend has asked you to explain two features from the cue
dependent theory of forgetting.
Outline two features of the cue dependent theory of forgetting that
you think are important.
Answer Mark
2 marks for each feature (any concept within the theory)
If more than two given mark all and credit the best two
NOTE Repetition of a feature using similar wording is not credited e.g
first feature – state cues, second feature – emotion
Evaluation points on their own are not features, but if used
appropriately could be credited as elaboration of a feature
Studies can be credited only if they add to the outline of the feature
e.g. cues
• When cues present at encoding are not present at retrieval then
forgetting may occur/eq;
• Cues (or prompts) are like additional pieces of information that
guide us to the information we are seeking a bit like the
contents page of a book/eq;
• These memory cues may be necessary to access information
that is available but not accessible/eq;
e.g. context cues
• These are environmental cues such as your classroom/eq;
• For example when someone goes upstairs to get something and
forgets what it was, they might remember again when they are
back downstairs in the same place (context) they first thought
about it/eq;
e.g. state cues
• These are cues internal to the person such as being excited or
afraid/eq;
• For example if you learn something when in a relaxed mood but
cannot recall it when in a tense mood/eq;
e.g accessibility (rather than availability)
• The theory believes that memory is still available but the
problem is accessibility/eq;
(4 AO1)
• The issue is about cues at the time of encoding being
needed/eq;
e.g. the cognitive environment
• Information present in the individuals cognitive environment
will determine how much they remember
• For example information encoded using the 5 senses will be
better retrieved if it matches the cognitive environment at recall
Look for other reasonable marking points
Question
Number
Question
15 Some tension has arisen at a college because the Principal has
allowed Mr Page’s class to go on a special trip but Mr Wood’s class
has not been allowed to go. The Principal’s decision has caused lots of
resentment amongst staff and students alike. Mr Page and his class
are looking forward to the trip but are getting lots of hostility from
the other class.
Use your understanding of prejudice and/or obedience to explain this
situation.
Answer Mark
1 mark per point/elaboration. Real life examples should be credited if
they help illustrate a point.
Giving marks for elaboration where appropriate is particularly
important so that the full range of marks is available.
Each point made must be linked to the stimulus (e.g. the
principal/class/Mr Wood/Mr Page/students/trip etc) to be credited.
However, any points using research to elaborate an already linked
point can be credited.
Possible material that could be used for this question includes: social
categorisation; social identification; social comparison; agency theory
e.g.
• Both groups may believe they are the in group and categorise
themselves as such at the expense of the other group (out
group)/eq;
• This in group favouritism to their own group / class may have
led to discrimination in order to protect their own self
esteem/eq;
• The principal is in a position of authority which may cause Mr.
Page to obey her commands to go on the trip/eq;
• Mr. Page and his class are just obeying the authority of the
principal as they are in an agentic state/eq;
• Some of Mr. Page’s class may not actually want to do go on the
trip and may experience moral strain when doing so/eq;
• In identifying with their own class they may have exaggerated
differences with the other class e.g. better teacher/
classroom/eq;
• Realistic conflict theory suggests competition has arisen due to
(6 AO2)
the prize on offer of going on the trip/eq; (1st mark) The
Robber’s Cave study showed how rival groups acted against one
another in their own self-interest/eq; (2nd mark)
• An in group is deindividualised rather than each acting as an
individual so responsibility might be deferred (and actions taken
such as hostility)/eq;
Look for other reasonable marking points
Question
Number
Question
16 Haider watches a film at the cinema but when telling his friends about
it the next day he cannot remember everything about it.
Using theories of forgetting and/or memory, explain why Haider has
forgotten details about the film.
Answer Mark
Each point made must be linked to the stimulus (e.g.
Haider/cinema/film/friends/he) to be credited. However, any points
using research evidence to elaborate an already linked point can be
credited.
DO NOT CREDIT descriptions of the theories/studies themselves.
• He is not in the same environment when talking to his friends
and so lacks both context and state cues which would help him
recall/eq;
• In a limited capacity short term memory some details of the
film may be displaced by others, causing forgetting of important
details/eq;
• He may not have understood bits of the film (used deeper
processing) and used shallow processing instead which will
result in poorer recall/eq;
• He did not reinforce / rehearse / repeat the memory to
strengthen his engram / memory trace/ which will have thus
weakened/eq;
• He may have repressed bits of the film which were unpleasant /
tragic / horrific which means he has pushed them to the back of
his mind to protect himself/eq;
• He only used maintenence rehearsal rather than elaborative
which means info wasnt really understood enough to go into his
LTM/eq;
• He may have reconstructed his memory of the film and bits that
did not fit his existing schema may have been distorted or
lost/eq;(1st mark) Bartlett (1932) found that participants
added detail that wasn’t there and left things out from the
original story/eq; (2nd mark)
• He may not have rehearsed details of the film and so not
transferred information into LTM (1st mark) and will be less
(6 AO2)
able to recall detail than those who did transfer information
from STM to LTM/eq; (2nd mark)
• He may have not been paying full attention to all the film and
therefore confabulated / reconstructed some of his recall/eq;
• Later learning / experiences may interfere with recall of what he
saw (retroactive interference) (1st mark) so if Haider was more
‘active’ after watching the film he may recall less than had he
been more ‘inactive’/eq; (2nd mark)
Look for other reasonable marking points
Question
Number
Question
*17 Milgram carried out a number of variations of his original (1963) study
of obedience. These variations attracted similar criticism to that of his
original (1963) study.
Describe and evaluate one of Milgram’s variation studies.
QWC
i,ii,iii
Answer
No credit for answers PURELY on Milgram’s original study
If more than one variation given then mark all and credit the
best
No credit for any study NOT conducted and written up by
Milgram, as one of his variations e.g Meeus & Raaijmakers
(1986), Slater (2004) etc
Indicative Content
Refer to levels at the end of the indicative content.
A01: Knowledge and understanding of variation study
A02: Application/evaluation of study.
Description and specific evaluation
(evaluation specific to each variation in italics)
e.g. teacher forces learners hand onto shock plate
• To see if level of obedience increased or decreased when
teacher and learner are in same room
• At each incorrect answer the victim was shocked only when the
teacher forced his hand on a shock plate
• At 150 volts, the learner refused to place his hand on the plate,
and the experimenter ordered the subject to hold the victim's
hand on the plate
• Twelve of forty subjects (30 %) forcibly held the victim's hand
in place and continued to administer shocks up to the
maximum 450 volts
• Obedience decreased (in relation to the original experiment) as
the subject came into close proximity with the victim
• Ethically more distressing and less believable than other
variations
e.g. rebellious or obedient fellow participants (as correct from p15
angles)
• to test whether rate of obedience is influenced by rebellious or
obedient fellow participants
• 80 male ps took part in either of two conditions and all were
matched for age and occupation with original sample
• Condition 1 had two rebellious stooges who refused to carrying
on shocking after 150V and 210V respectively
• Condition 2 had two obedient stooges who gave shocks
without protest
• In condition one 50% of real ps refused to carry on past 150V
and only 6/40 (15%) OR 4/40 (10%) went to 450V
• In condition 2 29 ps (72.5%) went to 450V
• The presence of fellow ps made a difference to rates of
obedience and the rebellious stooges had a larger effect on ps
than the obedient ones
• The conditions each had careful matching for controls so
individual differences would not affect the results
e.g. distant authority figure
• Too see if it is easier to resist the orders from an authority
figure if they are not close by
• The experimenter instructed and prompted the teacher by
telephone from another room
• Obedience fell to 20.5%
• many participants cheated and missed out shocks or gave less
voltage than ordered to
• This shows when the authority figure is close by then obedience
is more likely
• Application to police / teachers etc as demonstrates an
authority needs to be present in order for levels of obedience to
remain high
e.g. two teacher condition
• To see whether less personal responsibility increases obedience
• Participants could instruct an assistant teacher to press the
switches
• The assistant teacher actually delivered the shocks while the
senior teacher just read out the word list
• 95% (compared to 65% in the original study) shocked to the
maximum 450 volts
• This shows how diffusion of responsibility can increase obedience
• Could be viewed as less distressing for real participant as they
are not directly pressing the switches as compared to first
variation
e.g. experiment is conducted in downtown Bridgeport / private office
• Participants were led to believe that the experiment was
conducted by a private research firm
• This single difference decreased obedience rate from 65% to
48%
• private research firms are viewed as less prestigious than
certain universities which affected behaviour
• it is easier under these conditions to abandon the belief in the
experimenter's essential decency
• Took place in a real setting giving it higher ecological validity
than other lab based variations
Generic Evaluation
• The procedure is easy to replicate as most variations were in a
controlled setting which gives the experimenter control over
variables
• Lacks ecological validity as the task of ‘giving’ electric
shocks to a stranger is not something people encounter
in everyday life
• Procedure may be prone to demand characteristics as
participants may have guessed nature of experiment due to
cues
• However 80% who were surveyed said they believed the shocks
were painful and there were also visible signs of mental anguish,
e.g. sweating, these signs cannot be faked
• The studies are not ethical as they put pressure on the
participants deceive them and do not allow the full right to
withdraw
• All participants were thoroughly debriefed and the majority were
glad to have taken part
Milgram did ask / survey colleagues to see if participants would obey
and it was generally thought they would not

Sixth form Psychology aqa as unit 1 january 2013

CoolStoryBroo — Tue, 21 May 2013 18:47:10 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Suzanna5678

Was just passing. I got an 100/100 by using this, it literally saved me haha! https://getrevising.co.uk/auth/login...on%252520x.ppt

Page not found.

Sixth form Psychology a unit 1 exam 22 may 2013

Midnight Rose — Tue, 21 May 2013 18:45:26 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by PARKER10

Exam discussion, revision, predictions etc..

There's already another thread...

http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/show...0#post42738460

:)

HELP!!! Edexcel Psychology unit 1 Wednesday 22nd May

anastasiafisher — Tue, 21 May 2013 18:21:39 GMT

hey i was speaking about this with my teacher and she gave me a list of things that haven't come up in the exam in much detail recently (last 2 years). hope it helps x
-holfing
-key issues
-levels of processing
-godden and baddeley
-agency theory
-ethics and milgram
-defining the social approach and its key assumptions
-qualitative and quantitative research/data

Sixth form Wjec py1

WannaGetAnA — Tue, 21 May 2013 18:20:05 GMT

(From Spicy Strawberry)

4) Compare and Contrast the Behaviourist and Cognitive approaches in terms of similarities and differences (12 marks)
The cognitive (CA) and behaviourist (BA) approaches are both similar and different in the methodologies they use. The CA uses case studies, brain scans and laboratory experiments to conduct research. This makes their findings very objective and factual for the experiments and scans, and idiographic in terms of case studies (individual and cannot be generalised). This is similar to the BA as they use laboratory experiments which, like the CA are objective and replicable. The BA is also different in its methodology as case studies and brain scans aren’t used.

The CA believes in nature and nurture, whereas the BA is nurture alone. The belief in nature for the CA comes from people born with basic thought processes which are then developed due to nurture (the environment). It is thought to be experience which develops the processing abilities. This contrasts with the BA which believes in nurture alone, as all behaviour is believed to be due to the environment.

The therapies are very different as their objectives aren’t the same. The CA uses a ‘talking cure’ to turn negative thought processes into positive ones, challenging negative thinking. This contrasts with the BA as it uses the physical treatment of Aversion therapy to treat unwanted behaviour – so the aims are different among the two approaches.

A final similarity is both approaches are reductionist – they over simplify human behaviour – but for very different reasons. The CA reduces behaviour to thoughts and attitudes and compares the mind to a computer (input, process, output) and ignores emotions and genetics. The BA however is reductionist as it reduces human behaviour to what goes on in the environment, ignoring childhood experiences, genetics, emotions etc.

Sixth form PSYA3- gender help

MBT Bot — Tue, 21 May 2013 18:18:01 GMT

It's been a while since you posted and nobody's replied yet...maybe you should check out MarkedbyTeachers.com, TSR's sister site. It has the largest library of essays in the UK with over 173,000+ coursework, essays, homeworks etc.. all written by GCSE, A Level, University and IB students across all topics.

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Sixth form OCR AS Psychology: G542: Core Studies - Wednesday 5th June 2013

jodie.irwin27 — Tue, 21 May 2013 18:17:38 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Simran Mars Foster

Thank you. So you can't get away with one stengthand one weakness damn it. What 10 markers do you think will come up? :)

well, if you only mention one of each, then max is 9 marks i believe :) and probably just a 'describe and evaluate a suitable procedure for this observation etc etc'

Sixth form OCR A2 Psychology G543:Options in Applied Psychology Exam Monday 10th June 2013

Joshalos — Tue, 21 May 2013 18:16:55 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by victoriagrace

Thanks, that's really kind of you to say :)

Yeah, if all goes well I'm taking it at the University of Exeter :D

You'll love Devon - I live down here, we always get the best of the weather when there is any good weather around and everyone is friendly! :D

Sixth form Psychology Unit 1 12 mark question

cat-lover — Tue, 21 May 2013 17:49:43 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Segadfx

I could imagine it coming up as a 6 marker as there wasn't much focus on day care in the January exam. I'm not going to predict anything because I'm near damn-awful when it comes to correctly predicting things, (:o) but I'd imagine it's a potential.

Hahaha, maybe you should predict it because if you're as awful as you say, then it won't come up. :p

Sixth form F*** Psychology

CallMeBatwoman — Tue, 21 May 2013 17:12:07 GMT

Maybe just quit complaining and get on with it, your attitude is not one of an A grade student. I also have a psychology exam tomorrow, so maybe just suck it up and deal with it? After all, you're the one who chose it.

Secondary AQA PSYA3/PSYA4 Psychology Revision Thread 10th/17th June 2013

Alice721066 — Tue, 21 May 2013 16:08:14 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by kate_louise21

im resiting PSYA1, PSYA2 and PSYA3..., if you get a A* in all of those 3 papers what grade would you need in psya4 to get an overal B? etc

you would already have a B, im in that situation... i havent done unit 4 yet and i already have a B

Sixth form Freud

Emily_Elizabeth — Tue, 21 May 2013 14:02:43 GMT

Thank you :o

freuds study on little hans

Emily_Elizabeth — Tue, 21 May 2013 13:28:11 GMT

Hi,

Im studying this and there are lots of evalution points,

Sample, researcher bias, ungeneralisable.

Ethics- Freud gains no informal consent from Hans, Hans is subjected to talking about his phobia therefore protection from harm is broken, Deception as Hans doesnt realise his father is using him for Freuds work, and Withdrawl, Hans was never given the opportuinity to with draw.

Other issues include low validity and reliability due to this 'passing of information' Hans - Father - Freud, the information can get manipulated, as well as key factors such as Mother informing Freud his widdler would get chopped off if he didnt stop playing with it and that the incidient seeing the horse fall down, reducing the validity that dont match the phobia being caused by the Oedipus complex

Strengths well development over time, and to be fair it depends which context your looking at the data, for example developmental approach shows Hans development through his Oedipus complex and over his phobia, this could be use to help treat phobia in the future or can be seen through the physcodynamic perspective, in which it shows how powerful the unconscious mind is to use this projection phobia of horses to house the real issues of Hans being feaful of his father castrating him.

Hope that helped?

If anyone could tell me how long Freud studied Hans then id be super grateful :)

Sixth form Psychology edexcel synoptic unit 4?

MBT Bot — Tue, 21 May 2013 13:18:01 GMT

AQA Psychology 12 Mark questions

Alcat — Tue, 21 May 2013 12:48:01 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by LittleGlassVial

Sorry to be a little off-topic, but are you supposed to have A02 in 8 mark/10 mark questions?

Yeah, for any outline and evaluate question you split the answer between half AO1 and half AO2

Undergraduate Why would ANYBODY bother doing a psychology degree?

ForgottenPen — Tue, 21 May 2013 11:52:57 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by lazuliblue

physiology is different to psychology....

loooooooooool

Sixth form AQA Psycholgoy A PSAY3 Examiners report - January 2013

saraitis — Tue, 21 May 2013 00:20:00 GMT

I sat the January 2013 PSYA3 Psychology exam and didn't do as well as i would have hoped so i'm resitting it.
So, I'm trying to get my hands on the examiners report but I can't find it anywhere online!
Does anyone have it or have any idea where i can find it?
Thanks

AQA Psychology B Unit 1: a high B/ low A should take 19 hours

samuni — Mon, 20 May 2013 22:49:51 GMT

What kind of questions are likely to come up then? This is news to me..

Posted from TSR Mobile

PSYA2 AS Psychology Unit 2 AQA Revision Notes =3

robizzle — Mon, 20 May 2013 18:57:26 GMT

Hey holyfuzazzle your my boi.Without this shiz I would have knot got ma degree in trains. You da man. I luv you long time. peace out home boi xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx :):S:o:D;):p:E:@:$:S

Sixth form Psychology PSY1 WJEC

WannaGetAnA — Mon, 20 May 2013 17:25:28 GMT

I wrote out answers to all the questions and am just memorising them. I've almost memorised them all, just got a couple to go. I'm not strong on compare and contrast, so I need to work on that

Undergraduate PSYCHOLOGY 9698 As/A level exam paper core study 21

AmWithStoopid — Mon, 20 May 2013 16:04:10 GMT

How am I suppose to write 3 essays in 1:30mins..? Anyone have an idea of wats coming on dat exam.

Posted from TSR Mobile

Sixth form smartpsych.co.uk invitation code

loisanne — Mon, 20 May 2013 15:52:23 GMT

I used to use smart psych all the time. But now it asks for an invitation code.
Does anyone know who I could contact to get one? thanks :)

Sixth form Outline and evaluate effects of age on EWT?

ellawoo — Mon, 20 May 2013 13:24:15 GMT

YOu can split into into an AO1 and an A02 for a couple of the different effects on EWT accuracy

E.g.

AO1 - misleading info effect (loftus and palmer)

AO2 - limitations = loftus and palmer is a lab study so lacks mundane realism etc
study of 10 witnesses to a real life crime found no effect of misleading questions

AO1 - age effect

AO2 - evauate

AO1 - anxiety effect (armed bank robbery showed those with most anxiety = highest EWT accuracy)

AO2 - Christianson and Hubinette research contradicts
apparent contradiction explained by Yerkes-Dodson curve

Conc=EWT not very reliable due to so many factors that can effect them

Undergraduate Psychology course HELP

Seham — Mon, 20 May 2013 13:04:52 GMT

Hello! :)
I'm a high school student wishing to take IGCSE Psychology, A level. I found no suitable place that teaches this course, so I decided to study it alone. I will start with As and I would really appreciate it if anyone would tell the best book that contains all the criteria in the syllabus and all the sources I need to get started.
Your help is really needed. Thank you <3

Sixth form My problem with edexcel

remrod — Mon, 20 May 2013 11:43:09 GMT

Hi all,

Be warned, you're about to read a rant on edexcel. If you don't like it or just straight up disagree with me, please comment instead of just throwing negs at me. Much appreciated :)

Here's a past question from June 2011:

A study was conducted into sleep deprivation in rats. The aim of the study was to see what happened if a rat was not allowed to sleep.

Each experimental rat was paired with a control rat. Every time an experimental rat fell asleep they were woken up by being pushed into water. At the same time the control rat was pushed into water whether it was asleep or awake.

The experimental rats that had been deprived of sleep suffered from many health problems and all died within a few weeks. The control rats however remained healthy.

The researchers concluded that lack of sleep caused the health problems and death of the experimental rats, and this suggests that humans would suffer if they did not get enough sleep.

This question does not make sense. As the study goes on, the experimental rat is going to interupt the control rat's sleep patterns more often as it tries to sleep more often, and they'll bother end up sleep deprived.

Edexcel, I appreciate that you're a for-profit organisation and that our qualifications and struggles don't mean a damn to you, but can you not give us questions that actually make logical sense?

Please tell me I'm not the only one upset with this exam board's awful performance?

Postgraduate URGENT - Assignment on Eriksons theory. PSYCHOLOGY.

MBT Bot — Mon, 20 May 2013 09:18:01 GMT

Distance Learning - Psychology A2...

.:Twilight:. — Mon, 20 May 2013 08:19:42 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by MegMoo12

Hiya,
I'm looking to do Psychology at A2 with ICS but is it any good on the whole? Any other recommendations for distance learning?
Cheers xxx

Another place is Oxford college.

From what I hear the materials they give may not be the best and you may need to buy additional text books.

Undergraduate Erikson's developmental stages - PSYCHOLOGY

MBT Bot — Mon, 20 May 2013 08:18:01 GMT

Sixth form PSYB3/PSYB2 january 2013 FOR MY FELLOW AQA B PSYCHOLOGY'ers

Tw1x — Mon, 20 May 2013 01:05:30 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by CHEM AND BIO TIME!

hey
both developed their own sets of stages of attachment ;)

Posted from TSR Mobile

Cheers :p Neither mentioned the other had developed their own so I just assumed it was a typo in one of the textbooks

Sixth form AO1 and AO2 marks in psychology exams

_katielouise — Sun, 19 May 2013 23:09:38 GMT

I always seem to lose marks on the 12 mark questions, I know to add AO1 and AO2 marks but how do you make these points clear and understandable?:(

Psychological investigation OCR - June exam 2013

random1234567 — Sun, 19 May 2013 18:55:05 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Shiningrainbowpn

I have noticed that there aren't many Psychological investigation threads for OCR As, which is a bit upsetting since i practically failing at answering the 10 mark questions which are the following:

- Describe and evaluate a procedure to measure [Depending on the study they have give you]

-Describe/Evaluate the reliability and the validity of the study

I found some useful sites which helps the first part.
Describe and evaluate

If you have any tips ect on the first part or the reliability/validity please do share.

Hey for stuff like reliability- talk about inter rater reliability(if any)
For validity talk about internet and external validity such as ecological validity......

Sixth form AS level English Lang AQA/A exam

joedie — Sun, 19 May 2013 12:56:21 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by kay700pink

I kept keep getting C/D last year and got a D on the exam. My teachers have said try make clear P.E.E and make sure you use a lot of termonology. For instance instead say the lexis or this word say this verb, noun.
Also make sure your theories link in with your text properly.

Thanks i'l try to keep that in mind :)

Undergraduate neglect and extinction disorders

Bueno93 — Sun, 19 May 2013 12:18:08 GMT

Hey everyone.

I need help with this essay question: "what can Neglect and Extinction tell us about normal attentional processes? :confused::confused:

Thanks in advance!!!!

Secondary AQA PSYB2 Wed 5 June 13 Discussion

chelley2 — Sun, 19 May 2013 11:40:32 GMT

I was wondering if there's anyone taking the AQA Spec B

Posted from TSR Mobile

A levels

BlueBananaMoon — Sun, 19 May 2013 09:39:51 GMT

Is anyone doing Psycology A level? Is it interesting? Is there quite a lot of maths/science involved?

Sixth form Psychology Unit 1 memory question

Melas1 — Sun, 19 May 2013 08:48:58 GMT

They can specifically say outline research into encoding

Sixth form AQA AS Psychology UNIT 1 Psychologists

MBT Bot — Sun, 19 May 2013 08:18:01 GMT

Psychology wjec, PY2

emzlynn — Sun, 19 May 2013 06:57:17 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Coldeversince

Could you also email me them if it's possible? I'd really appreciate it

Ye :) just give me your adress

Undergraduate Psychology Project

MMcDonald93 — Sun, 19 May 2013 03:43:28 GMT

Hi Guys

Scottish student here on course to go to university in September for a Psychology degree. I'm currently doing a HNC in Social Sciences and just need a C pass in my course to attend my first choice university. However, I'm struggling on part of my course which is, worryingly enough, a Psychology project I only have the next fortnight to complete.

It's essentially myself in a group with 3 other people. We are doing research on Attraction and we plan to ask our own participants a range of questions et al, share the results then write up reports and briefings individually. What I'm struggling with is the amount of detail I need to include; from variables to investigate, apparatus required, ethical issues to address, collating results etc. This would be fine if it were my only focus but on top of assessments, essays and the final graded unit for Politics, Sociology and Criminology, it seems the amount of work is getting on top of me. If only ol' Sigmund would appear to me in a dream. Any advice and guidance?

Sixth form OCR psychology research methods

shyamshah — Sat, 18 May 2013 19:50:15 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by random1234567

ahh yeah true :( and only briefly :$ trying to get my other exams out of the way first how about you?

Yeah same, Gonna start in half term, hopefully should be enough time to go through everything.

Other/Not applicable Psychology Unit 3 June 2013 predictions?

MBT Bot — Sat, 18 May 2013 19:18:01 GMT

Edexcel Social & Cognitive Psychology May 2013

adelinanuhija — Sat, 18 May 2013 16:55:58 GMT

Anyone got any good revision notes. What resources are you using to aid your revision?

How is revision going? Is anyone retaking this exam and what did you get last time?

Undergraduate Help with Executive Functions

iammichealjackson — Sat, 18 May 2013 15:41:06 GMT

Basically, I hate this topic.

All i have got in my notes/essays is that EFs are a (pretty much) random selection of cognitive faculties which are broadly associated with the prefrontal cortex, and they are not a unitary homunculus. Does anyone have any interesting citations i could look up? Especially with the neurobiology of EFs, i just have a pretty dull list of prefrontal areas associated with different tasks, no overall framework.

Sixth form AQA 'A' PSYA3/4 exemplar essays and exam technique

R-O'Gara — Sat, 18 May 2013 14:04:55 GMT

For unit 3 I'm covering Aggression, Biological Rhythms and Relationships. For unit 4 it's Media, Schizophrenia and research methods.

Undergraduate Is psychology harder at uni than a level

iammichealjackson — Sat, 18 May 2013 09:39:43 GMT

I didn't really notice the change from getting A*s at A level to solid 2.1s at uni, although you have to put more work in, you will probably enjoy it more, as someone else mentioned, uni work is a lot less formulaic and not about ticking boxes which i found boring. If you want to get a first then you really need to self-motivate yourself alot (much more so than a level!). Also which uni you are at may make a difference!

Sixth form Educational/Abnormal Psychology A2 - How to answer questions?

MBT Bot — Sat, 18 May 2013 05:19:01 GMT

WJEC Psychology.. UNITE!

fil.sissay — Fri, 17 May 2013 22:49:33 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by wellpastmybedtime

Well, I will give you a start off. This is a model answer for question 1 - sections a and b for the cognitive approach.

It was an A grade marked answer from the exam paper.

An assumption of the cognitive approach is that all behaviour is a result of mental processes (thinking) Human beings are seen as information processors. Cognitive processes (eg attention, perception, memory language) enable us to understand and respond to the world around us.

Another assumption is that human beings and the human brain and the way it works can be compared to a PC. This means that cognitive psychologists create models of mental processes similar to computer ones and apply it to human behaviour. An example of this is the multistore model of memory by Atkinson and Shiffron. (4 marks )

A theory of the cognitive approach is attribution theory. It is based on the assumption that all behaviour is a result of thinking and that we think to decide the cause of other peoples behaviour.
Heiders earlier theories suggested that we always blame personal factors for the cause of other people’s behaviour and therefore make dispositional attributions. His later theories also recognised that we may also blame environmental factors for the cause of other peoples behaviour (situational attributions).
Kelley’s covariation theory tries to account for both dispositional and situational attribution and it explains how we decide the cause of other peoples behaviour when we have enough information.
Kelley claimed that we use three pieces of information to decide. He called these consistency, consensus and distinctiveness. Consensus means that all agree about a persons behaviour. Eg all teachers think that Claire is a good student. Distinctiveness is when a persons behaviour is unique. An example of this is Jamie is the only one who did his homework (ed note examiner has written muddled next to this.)
Consistency is when an individual behaves in the same way all the time. For example Claire works hard during the whole term.
When an individuals behaviour is consistent and distinctive we usually think that it is dispositional

(ed note examiner has written muddled here)

Kelleys theory has its weaknesses. It is a complex and mechanistic model We do not usually have all these three pieces of information and people sometimes also behave irrationally. A strength is that it is good at providing a working model for explaining how we can explain the behaviour of others when we have enough information.

(this was given a 7/8 by the examiner. Presumably the "muddled " comment explains the loss of a mark.

Anyone else care to contribute?

The question asks to describe/explain the theory. Do you have to include the final paragraph to get full mark? Cuz the final part is evaluation.

.

Sixth form Psychology py1 WJEC

fil.sissay — Fri, 17 May 2013 20:34:03 GMT

Does anyone have model answers for py1 approaches in psychology? :) would be very helpful. Thanks.

.

Sixth form Edexcel AS Psychology Unit 1 - 10 Jan 2013

JoeMccarthy — Fri, 17 May 2013 19:25:08 GMT

Hi, I was just looking at my Unit 1 Psychology A results. In January I got 72 (this is what it says on my exam result sheet)

I'm being confused by the grade boundaries, as I'm unsure whether I got 72 raw marks or 72%. I got a B, and was wondering whether it's a high or low B.

grade boundaries: http://store.aqa.org.uk/over/stat_pd...OUND-JAN13.PDF

Cheers

Sixth form G542: OCR Psychology Core Studies Jan 2013

KSmith15 — Fri, 17 May 2013 18:46:41 GMT

Hi, does anyone have this paper that I could please have?

Postgraduate On line survey issues

MBT Bot — Fri, 17 May 2013 16:18:01 GMT

Psychology PSYA1 RETAKE 22ndMAY

stuck girl :( — Fri, 17 May 2013 12:04:11 GMT

the direct and non direct hypothesis is simple,

direct hypothesis.
this is saying that something WILL happen. ie girls WILL have better grades than boys
in direct hypothesis.
this is much more hazy and less certain. ie a CHANGE is expected
our not saying what the change will be with a in direct hypothesis but with a direct you are..
does this help?

Other/Not applicable AO2/AO3 help for Psychology unit 3 and 4

JaquelleSade — Fri, 17 May 2013 06:28:27 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Shian

FOR PSYCHOLOGY AQA A

A02 is evaluation about a theory eg studies that might support or go against the theory in question

A03 is one of the IDA e.g. EThical issues, gender bias, culture bias even methodological issues etc

The problem is that in order to get higher than an E grade for unit 3 YOU HAVE to mention at least 2 or 3 details A03 points to get higher as well usual A02 points.

ALSO the A03 point must not be vague it has to be linked to the theory in question in detail for instance....

I covered eating behaviours....

For that topic saying the bio model was reductionist because it failed to consider the role of ones environment (IS TOO VAGUE)

To get proper good A03 it has to be like this.....

The bio model is reductionist because it suggests that anorexia is due to ones genetic make up or a neurochemical imbalance in serotonin levels. However it cannot explain why there was a rise in Anorexia levels in Fiji shortly after the introduction of TV's this shows there must be more to the development of anorexia e.g. maybe ones environment on in this instance media is involved which the bio model does not account for.

ALSO in unit 4 there is no need to cover A03 you can cover an evaluation point.

Hope that helps

Thank you, that helps a lot :)

Posted from TSR Mobile

Secondary GCSE- Psychology OCR

MBT Bot — Fri, 17 May 2013 06:20:01 GMT

What's Psychology A-Level like?

Jim-Jam — Thu, 16 May 2013 20:09:53 GMT

****e. All essay based so you're either good or not I've found, some people seem able to get the marks, others know everything but because they didn't say it in a certain style they don't. Also loads of content, absolutely loads.

Sixth form Psya2 - aqa a psychology unit 2 - jan 2013

kited4 — Thu, 16 May 2013 18:07:23 GMT

there is more content but its much more interesting :) personally i think its easier to get higher marks too because the research methods section on the last exam was more unpredictable and harder to revise for - in this exam, learn the studies, do past papers and we will be fine! :D

Sixth form Psychology examiners report

stephaniekaye01 — Thu, 16 May 2013 15:58:46 GMT

Does anyone have the psychology examiners report for edexcel unit 1 from january 2013????

Sixth form Too late to revise for resit of G542?

victoriagrace — Thu, 16 May 2013 15:16:04 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Cupcake16

Thanks for your reply, it has only been a couple of years. I've currently got time off between this week and the middle of June and therefore I felt it could be possible, if I was working I think it would be different. Do you think it still wouldn't be possible? Thank you.

Posted from TSR Mobile

That's fair enough then, you could probably get it done so long as you work a lot on it! But I don't know if you'll be able to enter the exam at this late notice, so check with the board ASAP!

The processes of learning: an essay I have to write to get into university.

minion4231 — Wed, 15 May 2013 23:21:32 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jaspal

Has anyone done this essay?, i really need some help, anyone done this in the past?

i'm doing it right now ..... i wrote down my tow bad/good learning experiences, but finding it hard to use the Harvard ref system...and have no idea how to use the quotes from the given articles....

Psychology June 2013 Edexcel Paper 2 Understanding the individual

Swimmer123 — Wed, 15 May 2013 17:42:34 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by rachelgib

Such as.. Whethers its ethical or not?

Yes, the questions are normally on practical and ethical issues of animal experiments

Sixth form OCR Psychology G542 Core Studies Jan 13 Paper

KSmith15 — Wed, 15 May 2013 15:55:00 GMT

Hi, I was just wondering if anyone had the January 2013 paper for the OCR Psychology G542 Core Studies exam. I would be ever so grateful, if someone could post this please! :$

Other/Not applicable Model Answers from an A* Student Psya3 & Psya4 Topics

SagarG — Wed, 15 May 2013 08:17:57 GMT

you should make it available on other platforms not just itunes, why not release something on play books for the android marketplace which is apples top competitor?

Sixth form Psya3 and psya4 june 2013

Emma0102 — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:50:13 GMT

Thank you!!
I've just bought the CGP revision book, they've summed it up into a lot less pages so doesn't seem too scary now haha

Sixth form EPQ title help

MBT Bot — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:20:01 GMT

Sixth form AS EDEXCEL Unit 2 Psych - 5th June 2013

Anny Smiles — Tue, 14 May 2013 20:06:15 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by rachelgib

Any tips for unit 1 since you got an A (well done!)? This is the forth time I'm sitting it I keep getting D's :(

Thank you :P

I just learnt the content really well, because that gave me confidence.
For Cognitive, especially, I had my theories, and then I had studies for and against, and I learnt them. I did written notes and spider diagrams...
While learning content, also do exam questions and get them marked, if possible, because it's useful...!

Do you know why you lose marks, where your weaknesses lie? :)

Pink Title Interesting and useful psychology resources

victoriagrace — Tue, 14 May 2013 18:30:39 GMT

Todd Daniels' audio files are free on iTunes; they're brilliant. They're aimed at psychology degree students but you can use them for AS and A2 as well!

I've found Jon Ronson's "The Psychopath test" a great read as well. It's enjoyable but has some solid theory and a lot of context; useful for anybody studying forensic psychology or psychiatry. Anyone taking OCR Psychology AS doing dysfunctional behaviour and disorders would benefit as it challenges perceptions of illness and the subjectivity of psychological disorders.

The New Scientist is great for psychology news.

Here's a couple of blogs too:
http://ocra2psychologyg543.blogspot.co.uk/
psychorevision.blogspot.co.uk

Sixth form Systematic desensitsation and cbt?

Craming Revision — Tue, 14 May 2013 17:08:36 GMT

Hey whats the difference between cognitive behaviour therapy and systematic desensitisation?!!? D;

Sixth form Should I not revise 1 or 2 subtopics?

victoriagrace — Tue, 14 May 2013 16:16:59 GMT

Please revise 3! I've checked the spec and they're obliged to test us on at least 3 out of 4, but if you revise two and one of the ones you've not revised comes up then you can't get more than half marks!

You're doing the same topics as me btw; I feel your pain :P

Anyhow, hope this helps you out a bit!

http://ocra2psychologyg543.blogspot.co.uk/

Undergraduate is this the cheapest link to get ur assignments done online

victoriagrace — Tue, 14 May 2013 16:14:31 GMT

you'll get disqualified if you get caught; they have records of sites like these at universities and you're risking being thrown off the course.

Sixth form finding useful link for revising psychology

victoriagrace — Tue, 14 May 2013 16:12:22 GMT

I don't know what you cover in GCSE, but just in case this is any relevance for you:

http://ocra2psychologyg543.blogspot.co.uk/

what is psychology like at 6th form?

lauraaaaa — Tue, 14 May 2013 16:07:53 GMT

I'm currently doing AS psychology with AQA and I really really enjoy it, it's my favourite subject!

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Sixth form A level choices with scope to do psychology degree

victoriagrace — Tue, 14 May 2013 16:07:23 GMT

Psychology at A-level isn't necessary, but some universities do require 1 or more "science/maths" subjects, which psychology and geography are often considered.

I decided on English language, Art, Psychology and Politics, then dropped Politics after AS - and I've really loved my subjects. I found they worked together really well, and complimented my study and interest in Psychology. I've accepted an offer from Exeter to take Psychology next year.

I think a language and a science is a good start, as it shows you're not just good in one area. I'd look for a balance with the other two. I reckon these would be good combinations (in order of preference):

- Psychology and Maths
- Psychology and English
- Psychology and Sociology
- Maths and English Language
- Politics and Psychology
- Maths and Politics

Postgraduate Please help male participants needed-forensic psych

nervousamericano — Tue, 14 May 2013 14:25:11 GMT

Hi guys,

I've barely had any response. If you have a few minutes to spare and would like to win the above prize please participate and send me your email address in a pm.

Thanks and good luck!

Sixth form Edexcel AS unit 1 2013 paper

rachelgib — Tue, 14 May 2013 13:50:20 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by chuckynoriss

If anyone has a link to the 2013 paper for edexcel unit AS psychology could you please email it to me because i want to see how hard or easy the paper was in January

Thank you

It was a very hard paper, the 12 marker was a stinker of a question!

Sixth form Psychology WJEC PY2

RB136444 — Tue, 14 May 2013 12:11:49 GMT

Nobody? haha xD

My answer to a twelve mark question

nusaybah1995 — Tue, 14 May 2013 11:26:36 GMT

Your answer to the twelfth mark question really helped me out thanks :)

psychology unit 2 AQA january 2013 paper

MBT Bot — Tue, 14 May 2013 11:18:01 GMT

Sixth form PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 January 2013 paper

MBT Bot — Tue, 14 May 2013 10:18:01 GMT

Sixth form AQA Psychology UNIT 3 EXAM ESSAY HELP

MBT Bot — Tue, 14 May 2013 00:18:01 GMT

Sixth form AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 prediction for January 2013 paper

CosmicVengeance — Mon, 13 May 2013 19:55:53 GMT

http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/show....php?t=2337659

For predictions

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Sixth form Psychology Psya3 Predictions? 2013

annemariemoore — Mon, 13 May 2013 13:33:39 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Wizkidani

It's weird how they repeated formation? :/ They don't usually repeat questions that quickly but they did last time so do youu think AQA might want to erm trick us because they've guessed that we predict what's going to come up xD

I just meant how you had the same thought. :p

Nooo, I love that they just have a basic set of questions they can ask for PSYA3, give or take a few words in the question. I really hope the evolutionary approach to relationships does not come up, but I'm halfway through getting it learnt. What's study leave for, eh? :S

Sixth form AQA Psychology A Jan 2013 Unit 4

marukh786 — Mon, 13 May 2013 13:11:00 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by kk_15

Welcome to TSR!
If anyone needs anymore recent papers from AQA just ask. I have my ways of getting them all LOL! ;)

Hi,
I was just wondering whether you have the January 2013 chemistry unit 2 and unit 5 papers and mark scheme? :)
Thank you.

Undergraduate Personality and individual difference psychology - think of some essay questions?

iammichealjackson — Mon, 13 May 2013 11:41:12 GMT

Its such a huge topic, it won't be that useful for other people to give you help. For example my personality stuff focuses on personal project theory as well as big five approaches...

AQA A2 PSYA4 exam

SagarG — Sun, 12 May 2013 17:22:31 GMT

lets make this thread alive again because the other thread includes alot of psya3 stuff which is just too long to go through!!¬

Sixth form AQA Psychology A unit 3&4 study partner?

MBT Bot — Sun, 12 May 2013 13:18:02 GMT

Undergraduate SPSS dissertation work, help!

MBT Bot — Sun, 12 May 2013 09:18:01 GMT

Sixth form Does Anyone have the AQA A Psychology unit 1 paper 2013 with the markscheme

MBT Bot — Sat, 11 May 2013 12:18:01 GMT

Other/Not applicable Does language make us human?

MBT Bot — Sat, 11 May 2013 11:18:01 GMT

Psychology unit 4, aqa, january 2013 paper

cd1705 — Sat, 11 May 2013 07:39:36 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by nm786

sure, the question was Discuss the biosocial approach to gender development (24 marks)

If you want to download papers and mark schemes form that site, you need to sign up.

Thank you :) x

Sixth form AQA LITB1 Examiner's Reports

MBT Bot — Fri, 10 May 2013 04:19:01 GMT

Undergraduate Could anyone direct me to a qualitative paper analysing quotes from the Critical Real

MBT Bot — Thu, 09 May 2013 17:18:01 GMT

best way to revise A2 Psychology?!

victoriagrace — Thu, 09 May 2013 16:59:25 GMT

http://ocra2psychologyg543.blogspot....-for-g543.html

Here's some tips :)

Sixth form Psychology AQA B PSYB1 23rd May 2012

Alia223 — Wed, 08 May 2013 22:31:02 GMT

so what essay do you guys think will come up for the approaches section?

Sixth form Aqa psychology unit 2 psya2

mynameisntbobk — Wed, 08 May 2013 19:14:12 GMT

Guys, I've finally done it, it basically shows you what has come up in past unit 2 papers, after someone requested it, took all day, but enjoy. Hope it helps, and sorry for the quality.

Sixth form OCR A2 Psychology: G544: Approaches and Research Methods - Monday 17th June 2013

mkhan9035 — Wed, 08 May 2013 17:47:17 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by LaurenD

It was individual/situational explanations for behaviour. The Section A was on observation :)

Oh thank you so much :)

Undergraduate Psychology books

gracestrac — Wed, 08 May 2013 10:23:32 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Magdatrix >_<

It depends on your modules - see if you can get a reading list from your uni!

Some that I've used across several modules include:

-Cognitive Psychology: A student's handbook (Eysenck and Keane)
-Introduction to Learning and behaviour (Powell)
-Physiology of behaviour (Carlson)

Ok I will try and get a reading list and have a look at some of those books, thank you. :)

Undergraduate Homework Questions: AMPA receptors and Long Term Potentiation

EliteAndoy — Wed, 08 May 2013 02:59:55 GMT

Thank you so much. Turns out the first one is correct and the second one should be B. As for the last one, it was 1968, but I'm still unsure as to why.
Well at least I got a class average of 98.004-just hanging by a thread but still managed to exempt for the finals. :$ Again, thanks everyone for your responses.

Sixth form Psychology AQA A Unit 2 past paper

MBT Bot — Wed, 08 May 2013 02:21:01 GMT

Undergraduate child psychology in uni

Tue, 07 May 2013 22:25:01 GMT

I'm currently studying BSc Psychology, and have done some modules in child development. Specifically, cognitive development (Piaget's theory, conceptual development, theory of mind, memory development etc) development of attachment behaviour (neonatal ability, social development, perceptual development, attachment styles etc).
Other areas you might think of looking into are educational psychology of child clinical psychology :)

Sixth form AQA Psychology A Unit 3

MBT Bot — Tue, 07 May 2013 20:19:01 GMT

PYA4 Notes and Model Essays Here!

RightSaidJames — Tue, 07 May 2013 08:47:39 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by jadecross

Hi, Did you do Media by any chance? :)

No, sorry.

Sixth form Sampling Bias (Question Help)

joedie — Sun, 05 May 2013 19:58:18 GMT

Hi :)

I'm only AS level but i'l take a crack at it.

From what i know, sampling bias is when your sample is not representitve of the entire population.

In this case, if you wanted to study male and female driving and decided to do it at town at 3.30, it may not be an accurate representation of male and female driving as maybe the way people drive in town may is different to the way people may drive in other areas as its busy. I guess you could also say that only a certain age group may be in town at 3.30 pm.

Sorry if this was unhelpful :(

OCR Psychology G542 Exam - 07/06/11

Psychology :( — Sun, 05 May 2013 17:09:36 GMT

Just looked back at this!!

Well it has been awhile!

Glad psychology is out of my life.

Other/Not applicable Distance learning with ICS

Amy387 — Sun, 05 May 2013 16:50:45 GMT

thanks! you too :-) x

Other/Not applicable Forensic Psychology - your views.

Sydney123 — Sun, 05 May 2013 08:20:57 GMT

I agree that there is a clear pattern in the behaviour of some serial killers making them psycopaths.I am having fun with this thread !Hope there are many more like this.

Sixth form how many marks off an A

celina10 — Sat, 04 May 2013 20:14:13 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by JordanS94

I'm going to assume the whole A-Level is out of 400 ums since I looked up the the A-Level and there are only 4 exams

So for an A it's 320/400 so you need a total of 169/200 in A2 for an A

So I need to get about 85% that's alright, it's better than what I need in chemistry (90%) :p

Sixth form Edexcel psychology unit 4

ProcrastinatePro — Sat, 04 May 2013 19:46:57 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by emilypsychology

Yeah, lets power through our psychology revision and show those Edexcel examiners who is boss :p
I will try not to, I mean in the unit 3 mock I came out with an E and in the exam an A :') I am terrible at mocks but fine by the actual exam.

Yeah I hope it turns out that way. I'm exactly the same! I always do so bad in my mocks for some reason.

Undergraduate Psychology Placement Year

MBT Bot — Fri, 03 May 2013 19:18:01 GMT

AQA psych

Amy387 — Fri, 03 May 2013 14:15:31 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Lukedavidhopkins1

How hard would it be to self teach AS psychology on AQA?

Hey Luke, I am self teaching A Level AQA(b) psychology at the moment. I started about 3 weeks ago. I started with distance learning provider ICS but found them pretty poor. So have ditched them and I'm now self teaching. Ive brought a few books and have been going over past exam papers to test myself. I think its already a hard subject, some parts of it are like a whole new language so many big words and sciency stuff. But It's fascinating and I'm actually .. surprisingly.. finding self teaching ok! I thought it would be much harder. Plus you can always get in a private tutor for an hour or so if you do ever get stuck. Im doing the whole A level so Im cramming both AS and A2 into one year and will take my exams next May and June. x

Sixth form Psychology homework help

MBT Bot — Fri, 03 May 2013 11:19:01 GMT

Sixth form OCR A2 Level Psychology G543 (11/06/12)

victoriagrace — Thu, 02 May 2013 16:24:44 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Secretnerd123

hey everyone! im taking this exam in the summer and dont really know where to start. ive made flash cards for each study in forensics and health (aim/method/procedure/results/conc summarised) and this will help me with part a. for part b im thinking of doing essays on every possible question that can come up for ech subsection (eg upbringing, interviewing witnesses). i know its going to take ages but is it worth doing?

Hey there, I think that it's really up to you. Writing them ALL will take forever so maybe try bullet points for each question, then writing a couple from each topic? Just make sure you can identify them and get your timing right, and you're good to go.

Flashcards are good to do, as are practices. Really it's whatever helps you. Just make sure you practice the timing because that's the real bane of this exam. Are you learning ALL of the sections and studies? I don't know whether to not do one of the sections from Health and one from Forensic?

Undergraduate Essay on forgotten memories

LailaJay — Thu, 02 May 2013 13:20:19 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Noodlzzz

Look into the role of 'availability vs. accessibility' the name doesn't come to mind but one study was asking people to mentally walk round a house and see things as either estate agent or burglar. When asked to switch roles they remembered things as the other character which they failed to recall previously.

Then, if you actually believe it exists is the repression and hypnosis being able to access it.

Furthermore, there's the debate between trace decay (suggesting we can't remember things once forgotten) and displacement which you could argue is a basis for remembering things once previously lost.

Thank you Noodlzzz, that sounds great. I'll look into it :)

Sixth form AS G542 OCR PSYCHOLOGY (5th june)

WheresPebbles — Thu, 02 May 2013 10:20:17 GMT

I actually did that yesterday as a mock exam.

In section B your choices were Milgram, Griffiths or Bandura and in Section C your approaches were either cognitive or physiological.

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Aqa A level psychology

Nima123 — Thu, 02 May 2013 06:54:37 GMT

Thank you that has helped me a lot and it has shown me how I could improve my essay writing

PSYA4 24th January 2013!

ineedtorevise127 — Wed, 01 May 2013 20:50:26 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by katietye

Hey! I don't think research methods was too bad, do you happen to know the questions in the Jan PSYA3 exam for Biological Rhythms, Relationships and Aggression? :)

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&p...FkZDU5NWVjOTI2

Other/Not applicable When you see an everyday object and recognise it.

advice_guru — Wed, 01 May 2013 15:57:06 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by super_kawaii

I obviously see the objects, but the names of all the objects don't go through my mind at all.

So nothing goes through your mind, you effectively just see it.

Sixth form Any one taking part in the cambridge AS essay competition ?

MBT Bot — Wed, 01 May 2013 03:20:01 GMT

Sixth form Revising AS and A2 Psychology (PSYA 1/2/3/4)

bell_wv — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 23:32:29 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by NKDJ

Thank you for such a detailed response, and I apologise for not replying sooner. Your tips are very useful and sound like they could benefit me.

However I am struggling with mind maps as I am not that creative, and tend to write instead of draw. I have found Text2Mindmap useful, having created three on there already - although I would like to know how to use it for revision.

Lastly, I shall gladly take you up on your offer. I am subscribing as much help as possible to garner the best results possible.

Thank you for the link to the Text2Mindmap site, I will find this incredibly useful! Also, good luck with your revision.

January 2013 aqa a2 unit 3 psychology paper??

nm786 — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 20:39:05 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by xemily1994

Hey,

i was just wondering if there is a a2 aqa unit 3 psychology paper that is sat in january? Or is it just the unit 4?

And if there is a unit 3 paper, does anyone know that the 3 main essay questions were on
1) relationships
2) eating behaviours, anorexia
3) aggression

thanks! dxxxx

Quote:

Originally Posted by dark-blue

There's always a Unit 1, 2, 3 and 4 in both January and June. It's up to the school when you sit each module and in what order. I'm guessing they won't be published on the AQA website until next January though.

I didn't do eating disorders, but for aggression, the question asked you to discuss evolutionary explanations for aggression, including jealousy and infidelity. For relationships, there were two shorter essays, one of outline and evaluating theories of relationship formation, the other the influence of childhood experiences on later relationships.

Sorry it's not the exact wording, but you get the gist.

I've linked PSYA3 paper and mark scheme here: http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/show...94&postcount=7

Sixth form Quality of Written Language in Psychology?

MBT Bot — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 18:20:01 GMT

Undergraduate APA style - creating multiple regression table

MBT Bot — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 15:20:01 GMT

Sixth form a2 psyb4

ebduff — Mon, 29 Apr 2013 22:23:57 GMT

Keep doing past papers, revise the essay plans and make sure you know your studies!

I tend to make notecards, using different colours for each approach.
So I might use blue for behaviourist, red for cognitive etc.

Make sure you recap on PSYB3 and AS topics too that you can link in to your answers too, for example, my class links in gender, aggression, substance abuse and depression wherever we can!

Also www.getrevising.co.uk is good as you can see other people's revision notes!

Hope that helps!

AQA Psychology B (PSYB1) 10th Jan 2012

SheriB — Mon, 29 Apr 2013 16:52:36 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Amy387

Hey, I realise this thread is really old now, but I need some help! Ive just started PSYB1 and going over the approaches. But Im just not getting the humanistic approach.. every one says this is the easiest to understand so I don't know why I just cant get my head around it. Can any one explain it? thanks guys x

Same i am sitting this exam in two weeks and had previosly done revision for it in the ending of february. I have seriously forgotten ALOT the material apart from this.
the humanistic approach exersises the importance that humans are active agents and should be viewed as such instead of being reduced to component parts unlike anyother approaches i.e biological approach which explaines all human behaviour in terms of genetic factors, evolution and development in men and female brains e.t.c therefore means the biological approach views humans as passive agents (not in control of thier behavior and actions)
- humans strive towards self- actaulisaton
- there are three concept of selfs and the ideal self and real self must be congruent in order to be psychologically healthy.

thats all i can remember of the top of my head. feel free to PM me so we can test each other or swap tips :)

Undergraduate Help With Systematic Review Methodological Quality!

MBT Bot — Mon, 29 Apr 2013 04:21:01 GMT

Sixth form taking child psychology in university

Jkizer — Sun, 28 Apr 2013 23:40:57 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by sarahleung

do universities count maths as a science subjects?

Some may specify that it counts but generally I believe it will count since higher uni psychology has a lot of stats and such .
One friend in my class is applying for a psychology course (can't remember ) and does biology maths geography and English language if that helps

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Sixth form Psychology AS / A2 Students help please

Rose957 — Sun, 28 Apr 2013 17:09:51 GMT

Classical is based on association-
So Pavlovs example-

Unconditioned stimulus- A dog sees food which causes and unconditioned response which is happiness.
But if you have a neutral stimulus like a door opening it causes a neutral response in a dog which is nothing.
But pair together the unconditioned stimulus of the dog seeing food and then the neutral stimulus of the door the dog learns to ASSOCIATE the door opening with getting food so it causes an unconditioned response which is happiness.

Operant conditioning is all about reinforcement so positive reinforcement e.g a baby walks on its own for the first time mother encourages it so it will do it again to get the praise. And negative reinforcement for example a child misbehaves but still gets attention so then they will believe that if they misbehave again to get attention

Does that help???

Undergraduate How to statistically analyse this experiment? Also confused about IVs/DVs, pls help!

Vousden — Sun, 28 Apr 2013 16:55:11 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by Tanaquil

Thank you SO much for the help. That makes a lot more sense to me now, I couldn't get my head around it at first... I think i'll be alright with the actual SPSS input part, it was just figuring out what I was even meant to run that threw me massively!
Stupid me about the quarterly thing... Thanks for the correction there too. :)

I just have one question (sorry to be a pest, i'm just crap at stats): if I took two of the times out, so that I only did a test at the start and end, I would still have the time IV right?

Thanks again

Sorry - I said earlier that each ppt needs to be in columns - this isn't right, they need to be in rows.

Yes the time IV would still be exactly the same, just with fewer levels (doing that probably wouldn't make your analysis much easier, if you're wondering)

Undergraduate Stress related illness

MBT Bot — Sun, 28 Apr 2013 10:18:01 GMT

Undergraduate SPSS - which test?!

WildeAboutOscar — Sun, 28 Apr 2013 05:43:29 GMT

Is the IV ordinal and DV scale? If so independent t-test.

Sixth form PSYA2 Help -Social influence in everyday life.

bananag — Sat, 27 Apr 2013 19:49:01 GMT

Hi,
First of all there is normative social influence, where you change to match other people, but your behaviour goes back to normal afterwards. Then there is informational social influence, where you change to match other people, but your behaviour always stays the same as theres. Then there is Asch's study on conforming (with the line lenghts) and the variations of giving the participant an alli). There is also Milgrims shock study on obendience, and the varitations, like researcher proximity. Hope this helps, ask if you need anymore help :)

Sixth form WJEC Psychology Biological Approach Selye's GAS

RB136444 — Sat, 27 Apr 2013 16:01:03 GMT

This is a top mark answer that my lecturer wrote for January this year :) So I hope this helps! :D

A stressor is something we think we do not have the physical or psychological resources to overcome. Selye called it ‘general’ because the symptoms of stress were universal whatever the individual cause of the stressor, ‘adaptation’ because the physiological responses reflect an attempt by the body to adapt to the stressor and ‘syndrome’ because there are a cluster of symptoms.

Selye used rats in his experiments and observed their responses to stressors such as heat and fatigue. He found that they all responded in the same way no matter what the stressor was and also that there were three stages in their stress response which he called the alarm reaction, the resistance stage and the exhaustion stage.

THE ALARM REACTION is the immediate response to stress and involves the sympathetic nervous system as well as the endocrine system, together known and the neuro-endocrine system. The hormone adrenaline is released from the adrenal glands which causes symptoms such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate and blood pressure and sweaty palms. The alarm reaction stage is the body’s response to short-term stressors.

IN THE RESISTANCE STAGE the body appears to be coping but resources are depleting / being used up. Adrenaline can no longer control the stress response so other hormones are released and the most important of these is cortisol, which is responsible for many functions which enable our bodies to cope, such as aiding metabolism. However, elevated levels of cortisol over a long period of time are harmful to the immune system, leading to illness and the exhaustion stage. The resistance stage is responsible for the body’s response to long-term stressors.

THE EXHAUSTION STAGE is where the body can no longer cope with the stressor. The high levels of cortisol cause the immune system - the body’s mechanisms that fight off disease - to be less efficient and become weak. This increases the risk of stress-related illnesses such as allergies, coronary heart disease and cancer, as well as mental illness such as depression.

Sixth form AQA Psychology unit3 & unit4 essay structure. Help!

hyte234 — Fri, 26 Apr 2013 16:27:22 GMT

Write as much as you can, don't stick to a constrained number of points.

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Sixth form order effects- reliability or validity

celina10 — Thu, 25 Apr 2013 22:40:06 GMT

Quote:

Originally Posted by vaguity

haha I've wondered this too! I swear when I write about them I alternate between the two each time.

Yeah this one's a difficult one to assign. It fits into both for different reasons, so when I mention order effects in essays I mention both reliability and validity (, but I don't know whether I should be doing this :p).