The Student Room Group
Reply 1
are you an a-level student?
Reply 2
marixst- 5 epochs
neo marxist- frankfurt school (also media affect, marx does not describe false consciousness properly), althusser (not just economic oppression- political and ideological too)

evaluate with interactionist- weber (verstehen)

can anyone explain what new criminology is to me?
Reply 3
just go through your notes on marxism theres loads, general marixsm, white collar, corporate and organised - subcultural theories - marxism and media

new criminology just look at left realism, radical criminology

aint done nothing on neo marxism
Reply 4
pocahontis
are you an a-level student?


yep why ?
Reply 5
emma_daton
just go through your notes on marxism theres loads, general marixsm, white collar, corporate and organised - subcultural theories - marxism and media

new criminology just look at left realism, radical criminology

aint done nothing on neo marxism



oh yh forget about corporate and white collar crime thanks
Well, depends what the question is asking for.
It's really not a good thing if you can't write more than a page for ALL 3 put together :| I have a problem that I can't write LESS than a page for all 3.

Classical Marxism: Due to competition between Capitalists, the Proletariat are exploited. The law is part of the superstructure and reflects the interests and views of the ruling class. Punishments for property crimes are higher for those against the person. The bourgeoisie own the means of production (land and factories) so want to protect it to maintain their control over their workforce.
Chambliss looked at how big business pressure affects law making - "what's good for general motors is good for america'. Businessmen become friends with politicians and get laws passed which means they can make more profit.

Marxists focus on crimes which are not criminalised, such as child labour in sweat shops, the sale of cigarettes , selling powdered milk to 3rd world countries.
Causes of crime:
Poverty, Inequality, and Deprivation: the poor are driven to crime through sheer desperation (although this doesn't explain non-utilitarian crime).
Competition: Greed, selfishness, and the rat race are created and encouraged by Capitalism. People who have money always want more, so decrease wages to increase profits (surplus value).

Then obviously Classical Marxism focuses on Corporate Crime - financial offences that include illegal accounting, bribery, etc. Use examples. Union Carbide, Bhopal, and Enron.
Then they look at why it's hidden (dealt with internally, 'ignored' by police, focus of the media on other types of crime).
Reply 7
my textbook rubbish thats why
thanks
Left Realism focuses on working class crime instead. It takes crime seriously, and accepts the picture put forward by official statistics.
Lea & Young are your main guys here.
Explanations for Crime: Relative Deprivation. (hopefully you know what this is)

Dealing with Crime: good policing is the key. But because black youths are targeted, they are hostile towards the police and reluctant to help. Because of this breakdown of communications between communities and the police, they have to go out and look for crime. Black youth react angrily when arrested, causing more offences, in a vicious circle.
The solution is greater democratic control of the police, and an accountable police force (have reasons to look for crime). More community based forms of crime prevention, and decriminalisation of minor offences like possession of marijuana.

Right Realism on the other hand is an extreme of the Functionalist approach.
Explanations for Crime: Inadequate Socialisation. Murray claims that we are all tempted to commit crime but what stops us are the social bonds that hold us together.
He blames single parents families and the development of an underclass. Boys lack appropriate male role models who earn respect and money through legitimate means of simply having a job. Since employment isn't a desirable option, they turn to crime to assert their masculine identity.
Right Realists talk about target hardening and surveillance. To make it physically harder to break in (gated communities) and to make consequences of committing crime greater (getting caught by CCTV).
Then there's Broken Windows Theory too.

See what I mean about writing too much? haha..
Reply 9
is new criminology the same as left realism ????
Reply 10
i thought new criminology was a combination of marxist and interactionist theories, not new left realism - but i could be wrong.
No, I didn't finish doing Radical Criminology haha

It goes with the Marxist stuff, but it's not the same as Left Realism.
According to my notes it's just basically about Hall and Mugging. It incorporates interactionism with structuralism though, yeah, because it looks at labelling.
When I have more time I'll post a longer explanation!
Reply 12
ChrisTheRockGod
No, I didn't finish doing Radical Criminology haha

It goes with the Marxist stuff, but it's not the same as Left Realism.
According to my notes it's just basically about Hall and Mugging. It incorporates interactionism with structuralism though, yeah, because it looks at labelling.
When I have more time I'll post a longer explanation!


thanks!!!
pls try thanks !!!
OK then, here goes.

Radical Criminology: Developed by Taylor and a reaction to the Classical Marxist approach

This approach was part of the school of thought which influenced Willis, and combined interactionist and structuralist theories (using concepts like deviance amplification, labelling, as well as exploitation and class division).

Hall - Policing the Crisis. Mugging.
1. The relationship between class divisions in Capitalism and deviance.
(Think in terms of the history of Afro-Caribbeans, how they settled in the UK)
Street crime is a survival strategy for many people. First generation migrants found low paid unemployment, accepting '**** work' and 'slave labour'. Later generations, however, are less likely to accept their disadvantaged positions. (Similar to relative deprivation) They wanted material goods and money, but couldn't achieve them legitimately, so turned to street crime.

2. The response of others
Hall argues that the media created a moral panic about mugging. By focusing on stories about mugging, they created an impression of black youths as criminal and lawless. Mugging was not new and it wasn't increasing!

3. Labelling (interesting bit)
Capitalism was in crisis in the 1970s with rising rates of unemployment, industrial militancy and terrorism, in Northern Ireland. The state responded to this threat to authority by focusing its attention on black muggers as a real threat to social order. They were used as scapegoats.

4. Effects of Labelling
In a response to this moral panic, the police targeted black youths in particular. This led to increased use of stop and search methods. Obviously black youths reacted angrily towards this, and often responded with violence or verbal abuse, thus resulting in further offences. A vicious cycle.
This then led to deviancy amplification and a justification of stronger police measures.

So there you have it.
Radical Criminology looks at the 'problem' of mugging from various levels - from society as a whole, down to the individual's point of view. It gives us a fully social theory of deviance.
But then again, it's a conspiracy theory, and far fetched. Sorry Stuart.
Reply 14
ChrisTheRockGod
OK then, here goes.

Radical Criminology: Developed by Taylor and a reaction to the Classical Marxist approach

This approach was part of the school of thought which influenced Willis, and combined interactionist and structuralist theories (using concepts like deviance amplification, labelling, as well as exploitation and class division).

Hall - Policing the Crisis. Mugging.
1. The relationship between class divisions in Capitalism and deviance.
(Think in terms of the history of Afro-Caribbeans, how they settled in the UK)
Street crime is a survival strategy for many people. First generation migrants found low paid unemployment, accepting '**** work' and 'slave labour'. Later generations, however, are less likely to accept their disadvantaged positions. (Similar to relative deprivation) They wanted material goods and money, but couldn't achieve them legitimately, so turned to street crime.

2. The response of others
Hall argues that the media created a moral panic about mugging. By focusing on stories about mugging, they created an impression of black youths as criminal and lawless. Mugging was not new and it wasn't increasing!

3. Labelling (interesting bit)
Capitalism was in crisis in the 1970s with rising rates of unemployment, industrial militancy and terrorism, in Northern Ireland. The state responded to this threat to authority by focusing its attention on black muggers as a real threat to social order. They were used as scapegoats.

4. Effects of Labelling
In a response to this moral panic, the police targeted black youths in particular. This led to increased use of stop and search methods. Obviously black youths reacted angrily towards this, and often responded with violence or verbal abuse, thus resulting in further offences. A vicious cycle.
This then led to deviancy amplification and a justification of stronger police measures.

So there you have it.
Radical Criminology looks at the 'problem' of mugging from various levels - from society as a whole, down to the individual's point of view. It gives us a fully social theory of deviance.
But then again, it's a conspiracy theory, and far fetched. Sorry Stuart.




thnks
just realized i knew this but in very little detail
i hope this doesnt come up cos to be honest i have always hated neo-marxism
thanks once again
Reply 15
candygal
yep why ?



just seeing if i can help. ok... talk about general marxism theory- capitalism generates crime etc.. consumerism society encourages self-greed and interest. then go on to talk about radical criminology ( memba to link to labelling theory)- ian taylors fully social theory of deviance, stuart hall's policing the crisis. then do some advantages and disadvantages of these. now discuss right realism. a criticism of marxism and the labelling theory. if u have time then go on to discuss left realism because this is a criticism of right realism. u could also contrast this conflict theory with a feminism conflict theory. go on to talk about middle class crime and how deprivation is relative- this will then link you to merton's strain theory.
oh and memba synoptic links if ya need em, they should take up like half ur essay anyway!
if ya need any more help just ask :smile:
ChrisTheRockGod
OK then, here goes.

Radical Criminology: Developed by Taylor and a reaction to the Classical Marxist approach

This approach was part of the school of thought which influenced Willis, and combined interactionist and structuralist theories (using concepts like deviance amplification, labelling, as well as exploitation and class division).

Hall - Policing the Crisis. Mugging.
1. The relationship between class divisions in Capitalism and deviance.
(Think in terms of the history of Afro-Caribbeans, how they settled in the UK)
Street crime is a survival strategy for many people. First generation migrants found low paid unemployment, accepting '**** work' and 'slave labour'. Later generations, however, are less likely to accept their disadvantaged positions. (Similar to relative deprivation) They wanted material goods and money, but couldn't achieve them legitimately, so turned to street crime.

2. The response of others
Hall argues that the media created a moral panic about mugging. By focusing on stories about mugging, they created an impression of black youths as criminal and lawless. Mugging was not new and it wasn't increasing!

3. Labelling (interesting bit)
Capitalism was in crisis in the 1970s with rising rates of unemployment, industrial militancy and terrorism, in Northern Ireland. The state responded to this threat to authority by focusing its attention on black muggers as a real threat to social order. They were used as scapegoats.

4. Effects of Labelling
In a response to this moral panic, the police targeted black youths in particular. This led to increased use of stop and search methods. Obviously black youths reacted angrily towards this, and often responded with violence or verbal abuse, thus resulting in further offences. A vicious cycle.
This then led to deviancy amplification and a justification of stronger police measures.

So there you have it.
Radical Criminology looks at the 'problem' of mugging from various levels - from society as a whole, down to the individual's point of view. It gives us a fully social theory of deviance.
But then again, it's a conspiracy theory, and far fetched. Sorry Stuart.

hello!
im stuggling to get my head round this bit of the syllabus, does left realism criticise marxism?
:/

Latest