1a) Friction between the pipe and the beads causes electrons to be transferred from the pipe to the beads (3)
ii) Volume of beads (1) Other correct variable as well
iii) As size increases, charge decreases (1)
b) All of the charges decrease as the pipe is shorter so there is less friction (2)
c) Fine particles- smaller particles have a higher charge due to surface area (1)
ii) Earth the pipes/ make pipes from antistatic material / shorten the pipes (1)
iii) Temperature, pressure and other variables might affect the MEI value/ results (1)
2a) Nuclear fusion is the joining together of small nuclei to form large nuclei whilst nuclear fission is the splitting up of large nuclei to form small nuclei. Nuclear fusion needs extreme temperatures to take place whilst fission doesn’t. (2)
ii) energy/ heat (1)
b) i) Uranium -235 (1) or just Uranium
ii) Same number of protons (1)
3a) Constant speed, accelerating, decelerating (3)
b)The distance travelled whilst the car is breaking (1)
ii) Speed (1)
c) 5000N on the car (to the left in the diagram) (1)
ii) To measure the force exerted on the dummy (1)
iii) 4 m/s^2 (3)
4 a) 2V (2)
ii) Straight line from origin to (2,0.8) Curved line from (2,0.8) to (12,2) (2)
iii) The filament lamp becomes hotter, (voltage increases faster than the current????) (1)
b) 108 J (2)
5 a) Pudding was positive with an equal but opposite charge to the electrons (1)
b) Experiments didn’t support pudding model but supported nuclear model (1)
ii) Most of the atom is empty space so many particles travelled through without being deflected (1) Nucleus is small and has positive charge so deflects reasonably nearby alpha particles slightly (1) Nucleus has a large mass and strong positive charge so deflects nearby alpha particles by large angles (1)
c) Results provided evidence for Rutherford’s theories suggesting his theories are right (1)
6a) 98 J (2)
b) 9.6 kgm/s (2)
ii) 9600N (1)
iii) Increases time catching the ball, decreasing the rate of change of momentum, reducing the force on the fielder’s hand. (2)