it can effect any, typically larger, arteries but particular locations are of note because of the problems they cause e.g the arteries to the limbs (typically femoral) for peripheral artery disease the coronary arteries for angina, the renal arteries for stenosis leading to hypertension. The most common site for lesions to start is at branching points, for example the biforcation of the internal and external carotid arteries from the common carotid (very important for stroke risk).
the fact the coronary arteries have been highlighted is because of the low level of collateral circulation and their importance to normal physiology, the heart in general is not particularly well vascularised at best. it is not the only place as you suggest in your piece though, the aortic lesions are important and deposition in other areas is important as dictated above. what causes lesions to develop is not conclusively pressure if that's what you've been taught, there is a strong drive to presume that it is important (the 'response to injury hypothesis' of the 70s) but how these lesions actually start and why in a particular location is not as clear as some people make out.
i don't know what you mean by same reasoning for hypertension. hypertension is a very different disease with an equally debatable pathogenesis. the only way in which atherosclerosis and hypertension interact in a pathogenic sense is via renal artery stenosis discussed above.