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El Niño — La Niña oscillation: winter storms, especially during El Nino years lead to floods in the Los Angeles and San Gabriel rivers (with deforested hill sides).
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El Nino is part of a cycle of approximately 7 years, in which 1-2 years occur as El Nino years and 1-2 occur as La Nina.
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El Nino is defined as an abnormal warning of surface ocean waters in the Eastern Pacific
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El Nino years, air currents move eastwards across the Pacific, brining moist air to South America and the eastern Pacific. The California coast is also affected by this current, bringing torrential rain – causing floods and landslides.
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In La Nina Years involve current reversing to move across the Pacific towards Australia, bringing moist air. Warm dry air blows over California from the American deserts, bringing drought and the threat of forest fires to California.
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Summer drought problem in a Mediterranean climate, especially in Southern California, but more marked in La Niña years.
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Advection fog occur when cool air from cold offshore current drifts inland and meets warm air (especially in Summer). Climate conditions combine with car pollution to generate photochemical smog which collects in the basin.
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Landslides take place in heavy winter storms where hillsides have been burnt by wildfire and eroded.
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Risk of erosion along coast near Malibu and Santa Monica (related to ENSO cycle).
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Only sophisticated management prevents California from becoming a disaster zone (measured in mortality). NB prediction of earthquake activity is not possible even with technology. GDP $47 000 PPP
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