AQA CHEM4 discussion/unofficial mark scheme
Poll
How hard did you find this paper?
Heey guys, I think we can all agree this paper was one of the hardest CHEM4 papers ever.
We'll discuss the answers and compile an unofficial mark scheme. Post your answers here!
Predicted Grade boundaries by my friend
90 RAW for full UMS maybe
A* 82
A 74
B 66
C 58
Q1 20 marks
a) Ethanoic acid in water
CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H+ (1)
b) Ethanoic acid as base with HNO3
HNO3 + CH3COOH = CH3CHOOH2+ + NO3- (1)
c) pH of acid? 2.08 (3)d) pH when alkali added to acid 2.32 (4)
e) [salt]/[acid] = 3.33 (3) or 1.20?
For the Kc - 9.09x10^3?
k= 3.12x10-5 mol-1 dm3 s-1
Q8
Condition for step 1 (3)NaOH heat under reflux?
use distillation or filtration to separate
test for acyl chloride Q and some chlorohaloalkane P
acidified AgNO3
P - NVC
Q - white ppt of AgCl Some people put H2O which would give fumes of HCl.
Lidocaine 9 peaks is a or b more likely to be protonated, why?
B because ethyl group is electron releasing so the lone electron pair on N is more available because benzene ring is withdrawing the pair at A.
percentage mass of H = 9.4% because 22/233
why isn’t Ka used in tables for strong acids? (2)
Strong acids fully dissociates
Ka = [H+]??
Relationship between stereoisomers (1 or 2)
mirror images and non-superimposable?
Rate equation when propanone or something is increased
rate = [H+]
because propanone is in excess, H+ is limiting factor.
Why is “X” zero order?
not involved in the RDS and rate equation
with knowledge of carbonyls, deduce name of mechanism
haemacetol
Nucleophilic addition
2-Chloroethanoylchloride
some other compound was 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
why is lidocaine hydrochloride used in medicine?
More soluble as it forms stronger hydrogen bonds? the other one was polar too but lidocaine had N-H+
Organic synthesis question (4)?
KCN aqueous and ethanolHydrogen and Ni catalyst high pressure or LiAlH4 in ether
orders of reaction (2)
first, 1
second, 2
Why are “X” sutures used in medicine instead of polythene one? (2 or 3)
Because X has polar bonds so is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles such as H2O in body so no need to remove it as it will break down over time. other one was non-polar
Benzene one was just acylation
electrophile CH3CO+
[ClCH2COCl]+* -> [COCl+](37Cl) + [ClCH2*](35 Cl)
Q9
C6H1402
61% Carbon
11.9% Hydrogen
27.1% Oxygen (100-11.9-61)
my method:
C : H : O
0.61/12 0.119/1 0.271/16
Then divide each answer by the answer of O to get C3H7O1 = Emperical. so X2 to get C6H14O2
potassium dichromate turned green so must be primary or secondary HO-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3??
This one is by bluhbluhbluh
Equation representing ethanoic acid as a base with nitric acid:
CH3COOH + HNO3 -> CH3CO+NO3- + H2O
Identify what reagents are needed to distinguish between the two chlorine molecules, incl. observation. (Acyl chloride vs haloalkane (?))
Reagent: water/AgNO3 (?)/named carbonate
Observation: HCl fumes/White ppt./Effervescence -for the acyl chloride.
Which Nitrogen acts as a stronger base a vs. b (where a is attached to the benzene, and b is a tertiary amine) and why?
Nitrogen b due to the positive inductive effect of the carbons on the nitrogen, therefore making the lone pairs more available. Consequently nitrogen a is joined to a benzene so the lone pair delocalises into the benzene ring.
Order of reactions:
D 1
E 2
What is a racemic mixture?
Mixture containing equal quantities of each enantiomer.
How to distinguish between the two:
Expose to plane polarised light, rotates in opposite directions
Chiral Carbon relationship:
They are both mirror images of each other/enantiomers.
4.
Electrophile structure: CH3C(+)O
Reaction mechanism:
Arrow from benzene ring to C+ in CH3C(+)O, then arrow from hydrogen attached to the same carbon as the CH3CO back into the incomplete benzene ring (from carbon 1-4 i believe).
5. Can't remember exact questions, let me know i'll update ! =)
Notes:
Zwitterions have R-N(+)H3 and a COO-
Hydrogen bond between two amino acids: presumably show any partial bond from one hydrogen on one amino acid to either the nitrogen or oxygen on the other.
Dipeptides- essentially amides formed from 2 amino acids.
Advantage of using the polyester suture rather than the polyalkene?
the ester bond in polyester can hydrolyse whereas polyalkene C-C, C-H bonds are too strong thus cannot. Therefore the former can dissolve naturally whereas the former would require manual removal.
7. Conc. Of propanone increases by 100, What is the new rate equation and explain pls:
rate = k[H+]Due to the large excess of propanone, it is no longer affecting the rate as only the H+ concentration limits the speed at which the reaction proceeds.
Why is the initial rate of the reaction used to determine the order of the reactants rather than at any other point during the reaction? Or something
Initial rate takes into account the initial concentration of the reactants which is more accurate since, as the reaction proceeds the concentrations of the different species change. (?)
How do you calculate the initial rate of the reaction from a graph of concentration against time?
Calculate the gradient of the tangent to the slope. (?)
8. Organic synthesis to produce the branched primary amine:
Structure: Same as previous however Br is substituted with CN
Step 3: KCN w/ ethanol (?)
Step 4: H2/Ni, LiAlH4
Question 9 Notes
Potassium dichromate turns green, either a primary or secondary alcohol, or aldehyde
O-H absorption in the Mass spec
O-H in NMR spectrum, singlet obvs
CH3-O present in NMR spectrum, singlet
RCH2 in NMR spectrum, triplet ?
R(CH3)2 in NMR spectrum, doublet ?
We'll discuss the answers and compile an unofficial mark scheme. Post your answers here!
Predicted Grade boundaries by my friend
90 RAW for full UMS maybe
A* 82
A 74
B 66
C 58
Q1 20 marks
a) Ethanoic acid in water
CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H+ (1)
b) Ethanoic acid as base with HNO3
HNO3 + CH3COOH = CH3CHOOH2+ + NO3- (1)
c) pH of acid? 2.08 (3)d) pH when alkali added to acid 2.32 (4)
e) [salt]/[acid] = 3.33 (3) or 1.20?
For the Kc - 9.09x10^3?
k= 3.12x10-5 mol-1 dm3 s-1
Q8
Condition for step 1 (3)NaOH heat under reflux?
use distillation or filtration to separate
test for acyl chloride Q and some chlorohaloalkane P
acidified AgNO3
P - NVC
Q - white ppt of AgCl Some people put H2O which would give fumes of HCl.
Lidocaine 9 peaks is a or b more likely to be protonated, why?
B because ethyl group is electron releasing so the lone electron pair on N is more available because benzene ring is withdrawing the pair at A.
percentage mass of H = 9.4% because 22/233
why isn’t Ka used in tables for strong acids? (2)
Strong acids fully dissociates
Ka = [H+]??
Relationship between stereoisomers (1 or 2)
mirror images and non-superimposable?
Rate equation when propanone or something is increased
rate = [H+]
because propanone is in excess, H+ is limiting factor.
Why is “X” zero order?
not involved in the RDS and rate equation
with knowledge of carbonyls, deduce name of mechanism
haemacetol
Nucleophilic addition
2-Chloroethanoylchloride
some other compound was 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
why is lidocaine hydrochloride used in medicine?
More soluble as it forms stronger hydrogen bonds? the other one was polar too but lidocaine had N-H+
Organic synthesis question (4)?
KCN aqueous and ethanolHydrogen and Ni catalyst high pressure or LiAlH4 in ether
orders of reaction (2)
first, 1
second, 2
Why are “X” sutures used in medicine instead of polythene one? (2 or 3)
Because X has polar bonds so is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles such as H2O in body so no need to remove it as it will break down over time. other one was non-polar
Benzene one was just acylation
electrophile CH3CO+
[ClCH2COCl]+* -> [COCl+](37Cl) + [ClCH2*](35 Cl)
Q9
C6H1402
61% Carbon
11.9% Hydrogen
27.1% Oxygen (100-11.9-61)
my method:
C : H : O
0.61/12 0.119/1 0.271/16
Then divide each answer by the answer of O to get C3H7O1 = Emperical. so X2 to get C6H14O2
potassium dichromate turned green so must be primary or secondary HO-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3??
This one is by bluhbluhbluh
Equation representing ethanoic acid as a base with nitric acid:
CH3COOH + HNO3 -> CH3CO+NO3- + H2O
Identify what reagents are needed to distinguish between the two chlorine molecules, incl. observation. (Acyl chloride vs haloalkane (?))
Reagent: water/AgNO3 (?)/named carbonate
Observation: HCl fumes/White ppt./Effervescence -for the acyl chloride.
Which Nitrogen acts as a stronger base a vs. b (where a is attached to the benzene, and b is a tertiary amine) and why?
Nitrogen b due to the positive inductive effect of the carbons on the nitrogen, therefore making the lone pairs more available. Consequently nitrogen a is joined to a benzene so the lone pair delocalises into the benzene ring.
Order of reactions:
D 1
E 2
What is a racemic mixture?
Mixture containing equal quantities of each enantiomer.
How to distinguish between the two:
Expose to plane polarised light, rotates in opposite directions
Chiral Carbon relationship:
They are both mirror images of each other/enantiomers.
4.
Electrophile structure: CH3C(+)O
Reaction mechanism:
Arrow from benzene ring to C+ in CH3C(+)O, then arrow from hydrogen attached to the same carbon as the CH3CO back into the incomplete benzene ring (from carbon 1-4 i believe).
5. Can't remember exact questions, let me know i'll update ! =)
Notes:
Zwitterions have R-N(+)H3 and a COO-
Hydrogen bond between two amino acids: presumably show any partial bond from one hydrogen on one amino acid to either the nitrogen or oxygen on the other.
Dipeptides- essentially amides formed from 2 amino acids.
Advantage of using the polyester suture rather than the polyalkene?
the ester bond in polyester can hydrolyse whereas polyalkene C-C, C-H bonds are too strong thus cannot. Therefore the former can dissolve naturally whereas the former would require manual removal.
7. Conc. Of propanone increases by 100, What is the new rate equation and explain pls:
rate = k[H+]Due to the large excess of propanone, it is no longer affecting the rate as only the H+ concentration limits the speed at which the reaction proceeds.
Why is the initial rate of the reaction used to determine the order of the reactants rather than at any other point during the reaction? Or something
Initial rate takes into account the initial concentration of the reactants which is more accurate since, as the reaction proceeds the concentrations of the different species change. (?)
How do you calculate the initial rate of the reaction from a graph of concentration against time?
Calculate the gradient of the tangent to the slope. (?)
8. Organic synthesis to produce the branched primary amine:
Structure: Same as previous however Br is substituted with CN
Step 3: KCN w/ ethanol (?)
Step 4: H2/Ni, LiAlH4
Question 9 Notes
Potassium dichromate turns green, either a primary or secondary alcohol, or aldehyde
O-H absorption in the Mass spec
O-H in NMR spectrum, singlet obvs
CH3-O present in NMR spectrum, singlet
RCH2 in NMR spectrum, triplet ?
R(CH3)2 in NMR spectrum, doublet ?
(edited 7 years ago)
Scroll to see replies
i flopped that big time and i really wanted an A, so upset
I got 1st and 2nd order for the order one. 2nd was easy to get but 1st was just trial and error!
Original post by Anon_98
I'm sorry but I'm actually still traumatised.- No comment.
Ah same man same.. we're not alone
Original post by clarkey500
I got 1st and 2nd order for the order one. 2nd was easy to get but 1st was just trial and error!
you got that right!
F*** this paper. I didn't even finish it
The last question I got rekt.
Posted from TSR Mobile
Posted from TSR Mobile
don't even feel like revising for the next exam I've done so bad on this messed up my chances of getting an A
Original post by logicmaryam
Heey guys, I think we can all agree this paper was one of the hardest CHEM4 papers ever.
We'll discuss the answers and compile an unofficial mark scheme. Post your answers here!
We'll discuss the answers and compile an unofficial mark scheme. Post your answers here!
awful. And I don't see unit 5 being any easier
Original post by charanjittt
don't even feel like revising for the next exam I've done so bad on this messed up my chances of getting an A
Take the afternoon off and cry. A lot.
Original post by logicmaryam
you got that right!
Yay! 2 precious marks! Thank you!
So I think this was Question 8
It asked how to basically get an alcohol from an ester
I basically described Base Hydrolysis...so using NaOH and heating under reflux. Then distilling it off.
I guess you could've described Acid Hydrolysis too and there's another one some people at my college put but I can't remember that one.
The structure of S was the same bromoalkane it gave you (was it 2-bromobutane? I can't remember) but you swapped the Br for a Nitrile group
Step 1
Reagent was KCN
Conditions was ethanolic
Step 2
Reagent was LiAlH4
Conditions was dissolved in ether
---I think that was it someone correct me if I'm wrong------
It asked how to basically get an alcohol from an ester
I basically described Base Hydrolysis...so using NaOH and heating under reflux. Then distilling it off.
I guess you could've described Acid Hydrolysis too and there's another one some people at my college put but I can't remember that one.
The structure of S was the same bromoalkane it gave you (was it 2-bromobutane? I can't remember) but you swapped the Br for a Nitrile group
Step 1
Reagent was KCN
Conditions was ethanolic
Step 2
Reagent was LiAlH4
Conditions was dissolved in ether
---I think that was it someone correct me if I'm wrong------
(edited 7 years ago)
Original post by Anon_98
Nah, me neither.- Way too many one markers that took up way more than one minute of my stupid time.
I missed half of the questions ngl the nmr one right at the back didn't even get one word written on it
I think I'll definitely need to take this again next year. I'd be surprised if I got anything above a C tbh
The nmr at the end was (I think): CH3OCH2CH2C(CH3)2OH
Original post by mgill17
So I think this was Question 8
It asked how to basically get an alcohol from an ester
I basically described Base Hydrolysis...so using NaOH and heating under reflux. Then distilling it off.
I guess you could've described Acid Hydrolysis too and there's another one some people at my college put but I can't remember that one.
The structure of S was the same bromoalkane it gave you (was it 2-bromobutane? I can't remember) but you swapped the Br for a Nitrile group
Step 1
Reagent was KCN
Conditions was aqueous
Step 2
Reagent was LiAlH4
Conditions was dissolved in ether
---I think that was it someone correct me if I'm wrong------
It asked how to basically get an alcohol from an ester
I basically described Base Hydrolysis...so using NaOH and heating under reflux. Then distilling it off.
I guess you could've described Acid Hydrolysis too and there's another one some people at my college put but I can't remember that one.
The structure of S was the same bromoalkane it gave you (was it 2-bromobutane? I can't remember) but you swapped the Br for a Nitrile group
Step 1
Reagent was KCN
Conditions was aqueous
Step 2
Reagent was LiAlH4
Conditions was dissolved in ether
---I think that was it someone correct me if I'm wrong------
They asked for step 3 and 4 I think
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