OCR Gateway Physics BP4 P5 P6 + Section DUnofficial Mark SchemeWednesday 22 June 2016Module P4 - 25 marks1) Radiation treatmenta) Explain why an alpha source cannot be used as a tracer [1](too ionising and so) will not penetrate out of the skin
(1)b)i) Explain why a radioactive source should not remain in the body for a long time [1]to not cause damage to healthy living cells
(1)b)ii) What is the name given to how long a source stays radioactive? [1]half-life
(1)c) Radiation may be used to treat brain cancer - explain why the head should be clamped [2]so that the gamma rays are focused on the tumour
(1)to avoid damage to non-cancerous / healthy tissue / cells
(1)2) Fuses and wiring [QWC 6]Marking pointswhy only two wires are needed: it is double insulated and so the earth wire is not needed - even if the live wire becomes loose, the plastic cannot become live: maybe include purpose of live and neutral wires (to carry the voltage and complete the circuit respectively)
why a fuse is needed: too large a current causes the fuse to melt, preventing flow of current, which prevents flex overheating and causing fire - and prevents further damage to appliance
why a 13A fuse is used instead of 3A: operating current must be between 3A and 13A so that the fuse does not break under normal operation (this would happen for a 3A fuse), but also breaks if the current gets too high
3) Static electricitya) Complete the sentence [1]he gains a
positive charge because he loses
electrons (1)b) Explain how anti-static sprays work [1]make surface of object conductive
(1)c) Explain why the small strip attached to his car may be unreliable [1]not touching the ground / not made of a conductor
/ easy to break off
(1)d) Describe and risk and benefit of the petrol filler [2]risk: spark due to static charges which could cause an explosion
(1)benefit: quick to use as flows out quickly / does not build up as much charge as it flows out quickly / reduces the amount of time during which the car and pump are in contact, reducing explosion risk
(1)4) Nuclear radiationa) Write the letters in order [2]B, E, F, A
four correct
(2)two or three correct
(1)otherwise
(1)b) Explain the purpose of boron rods but explain why they need to be removed some times [2]absorb excess neutrons to stop reaction going out of control
(1)(need to be removed so that) there are enough neutrons for the reaction to continue
(1)5) Power, current, resistance and voltagea) Calculate the output voltage of the adapter [2]94V
(2)incorrect answer with workings
(1)b) In which country will the iron have the highest electrical power? They all use the same current. Explain your answer [1]Kenya, because it has the highest input voltage
(1)c) In Japan, the iron is bad at ironing out creases. She attaches a variable resistor and then it become better at ironing out creases. Explain why [2]before, it had a low power as they all used the same current and it had the lowest input voltage
(1)variable resistor can be used to decrease resistance and increase current, making the power greater
(1)Module P5 - 25 marks6) Boat/speedsa) Difference between speed and velocity [1]speed only has a magnitude while velocity has a magnitude and direction
(1)b) Which boat has the greatest resultant velocity? Why? [2]there is a debate over this question, so I have put on both answersboat X
(1)explanation involving resultant velocity
(1)orboat Y
(1)explanation involving resultant velocity
(1)c) Calculate the speed of the horse [2]example working (there may be other ways of doing it)s = ((u + v) / 2) × t
t = 2s/(u + v) = 56 / 8 = 7 seconds
7 seconds
(2)incorrect answer with working
(1)7) Carsa) Explain airbag release in terms of momentum [2]change in momentum when the gas particles collide with the airbag walls and change velocity
(1)creating a force, creating a pressure
(1)allow use of equationsb) Calculate the speed of the car and if it was breaking the speed limit [3]6.5m/s
(2)No
(1) only if in relation to the answer for speed (no mark for 'No' without any other workings)
otherwiseworking
(1)8) Waves and interferencea) Explain why the long wave radio waves have a long range [1]not sure about thisany one ofdiffraction around large objects
(1)and so can reach houses behind hills, for example
(1)reflection from ionosphere
(1)b) What are the properties of a wave needed for interference to occur [2](coherent wave source)
any two ofsame wavelength
(1)same phase difference
(1)same amplitude
(1)c) Partial destructive interference can occur. Suggest why this happens and the result it may have [2]not sure about thisany one ofwaves partly in / out of phase
(1)phase difference of (n + 1/4)λ, for example
(1)andthe wave may have a partial loss in quality (e.g. sound loss in some areas)
(1)9) Dispersion/refractiona) Explain why the red light refracts away from the normal [2]passes over boundary between two media (glass and air)
(1)wave speeds up (so bends away from the normal)
(1)b) Explain why violet light refracts more [2]higher refractive index
(1)wave speeds up more and so bends more
(1)10) Projectile motion [QWC 6]Marking pointspath: the horizontal velocity is unaffected by gravity - therefore the horizontal velocity is constant; gravity causes the vertical velocity to increase (
constant vertical acceleration) - but
not increasing vertical acceleration
calculations = ut + 1/2at^2as the inital speed is 0,
s = 1/2at^2therefore,
t^2 = 2s/atherefore,
t = √(2s/a) = √(2/10) = 0.447213595 =
0.4s, or 0.45sModule P6 - 25 marks11) Truth table / logic gates / relaya) Complete the truth table [3]D column correct
(1)E column correct
(1) Output column correct
(1)b) Explain the role of the relay [2]• a logic gate is a low power device that would be damaged if exposed directly to mains power / high voltages
(1)• the relay isolates the low voltage in the sensing circuit from the high voltage (mains)
(1)12) Power transmissiona) Calculate the power loss in MW [2]100^2 * 20 = 2000000W = 2MW
2MW
(2)2000000W
(1)b) Explain a risk and benefit of power transmission at high voltages [2]risk: electrocution / any other suitable risk
(1)benefit: less power loss through heating of the cables (as lower current is needed)
(1)13) Transformers - which two columns were wrong and why? [2]C, as wrong way round / use of calculation
(1)D, as wrong ratio / use of calculation
(1)14) Motors and magnetic fieldsa) Draw the magnetic field around a solenoid [2]field lines at top and bottom
(1)field lines at left and right sides
(1)b) What does reversing the current do to the magnetic field? [1](the magnetic field)
reverses (1)c) How can a motor be made to spin faster? [1]any one of• increasing the size of the electric current
(1)• increasing the number of turns on the coil
(1)• increasing the strength of the magnetic field
(1)15) Resistance grapha) Calculate the resistance [2]20Ω
(2)incorrect answer with workings (substitution of x and y values into R=V/I)
(1)b) What would happen to the gradient if the resistance value trebled? [2]gradient would increase (get steeper)
(1)idea of gradient being (change in) y divided by (change in) x and comparison with R = V / I
(1)16) Potential divider with LDR [QWC 6]Marking points- when it gets dark, LDR resistance increases, increasing its share of the input voltage (and so increases the output voltage)
- when it gets
very dark, LDR resistance increases so much that its share of the input voltage is nearly the entire input voltage, and so the output voltage can be said to be the input voltage (5V) - which is a logical 1 and so turns on the light
- contrast of above point with lighter conditions in terms of: logical 1 and 0, and resistance
Section D - 25 marks17) Smith family in the UK (500kWh per person per day) use 730000kWH per yeara) Calculate the number of people in the Smith family [2]730000 / 365 = 2000kWh per day
2000 / 500 = 4 people in the family
4 people
(2)incorrect answer with working
(1)b) Belgium uses more per person per day than the UK. Suggest why Belgium may have a lower electrical consumption than the UK overall [1]lower population
(1)18) U-valuesa) Calculate the energy lost per second with units [3]2 × 12 × 50 = 1200J/s
either1200
(2) incorrect answer with workings
(1)J/s
(1) allow W
or1.2
(2) incorrect answer with workings
(1)kJ/s
(1) allow kW
b) Describe what would happen to energy transfer if the temperature difference increased [1](it would)
increase (1)c) Calculate the area of wall whose U-value was 0.5W/m2°C and the temperature difference along which was 12°C; 240J/s lost from the wall [3]Uvalue = power / (temperature * area)
area = power / (temperature * Uvalue)
area = 240 / (12 * 0.5) = 40m
240m
2 (3)incorrect answer with all workings listed
(2)incorrect answer with some workings listed
(1)