Bleach, or sodium hypochlorite, is an alkaline chemical compound, and as such it is a strong oxidizer. That means that it can burn you like acid can. However, the concentration of bleach found in clorox is too small to do much permanent damage; it's not as if you breathed lab grade sodium hypochlorite! What is very likely is that you have a mild chemical burn to the mucous membranes in your nose, and they're merely irritated. It should go away soon, but if it doesn't I would go see a doctor. You'll likely be alright in a few days and I doubt your sense of smell is damaged, but if you're worried, see a doctor.