[tamii05]

(Original post by .snowflake.)
Sort of same, dog barks at EVERYTHING that goes past.

Haha, my neighbour's dog does that

[.snowflake.]

(Original post by tamii05)
Haha, my neighbour's dog does that

Sharpei labrador cross thingy. absolutely bonkers. thinks its a cat...

[KingMessi]

(Original post by .snowflake.)
*waves* Miss you guys so much. Feels really weird having no revision to do :/

Hi! How come you have no revision? Exams over?

[Robpattinsonxxx]

* Do all 5 physics papers again. FINALLY!
1) Mark all 5 physics papers.
2) Make notes on where I went wrong on the papers.
3) Learn notes on where I went wrong on the papers.
4) Look at a couple of internet websites on physics, make notes and learn notes.
5) You tube physics revision!

[.snowflake.]

(Original post by KingMessi)
Hi! How come you have no revision? Exams over?

Yup. Not mad enough to do F.maths or physics and never took French in Y8, so can't do that at AS.

[KingMessi]

Biological therapies for phobic disorders

In general, psychological techniques for phobic disorders are used; however, biological techniques can be used in a number of situations, to reduce anxiety and allow a person to led a relatively normal life, or in conjunction with psychological therapies so as to allow the patient to reduce anxiety to an extent that they can then take part in some of the psychological techniques.

The two most common types of chemotherapeutic drugs used are anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants. Both types aim to reduce the anxiety felt by patients around the phobic stimulus and so allow them to lead a relatively normal life. Anti-anxiety drugs include beta-blockers and benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines aim to reduce anxiety by slowing the central nervous system's activity. They do so by enhancing the activity of a chemical named GABA, or gamma-amino-butyric acid. GABA binds to receptors on the outside of neurones, and in doing so open chloride ion channels on the neurone's membranes. This causes an influx of chloride ions into the neurone, causing hyperpolarisation of the neurone and so making it more difficult for other neurotransmitters to stimulate the neurone. Therefore, the activity of such neurones is reduced, and the person feels more relaxed. Other anti-anxiety drugs include beta-blockers. These drugs restrict the activity of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are part of the sympathomedullary response to stress. They do so by binding to receptors on the cells of the heart and other parts of the body that are normally stimulated during arousal. This makes it harder for these cells to be stimulated by adrenaline and noradrenaline, and, in doing so, makes the heart beat slower and with less force, and blood vessels do not constrict (i.e. vasoconstriction does not occur). Therefore, arousal decreases, also reducing anxiety.

Antidepressants can also be used to reduce anxiety, the main one of which is SSRI's, or Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. SSRI's function by increasing levels of serotonin in synapses around neurones, and so increase the activity of neurones. Choy and Schneier (2008) state that SSRI's are the most commonly prescribed drugs used to treat phobias. However, another type of antidepressant used are MAOI's, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and although these are older drugs, Lader and Petursson (1983) state that some patients actually respond better to MAOI's as opposed to SSRI's. Monoamine oxidase is the enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, and, so, through inhibiting the action of this enzyme, the number of monoamines present increases, and so increases neurone activity.

As a last resort, psychosurgery can be used to treat phobias. Psychosurgery is a surgical intervention for a behaviour for which no pathological cause can be found. A brain tumour is considered an appropriate reason for psychosurgery because there is a known pathology. The two main types of psychosurgery are a capsulotomy and a cingulotomy, although there are others. A capsulotomy involves functionally removing the capsule, whereas a cingulotomy involves functionally removing the cingulum, both of which are parts of the limbic system associated with emotion. However, psychosurgery is only performed as a last resort if no other options are available due to the irreversible and invasive nature of the process.

There are, however, other types of psychosurgery. One such example is deep brain stimulation, or DBS, which involves placing wires around circuits in a person's brain. These wires are connected to a battery in a person's chest. When the current is on, it disrupts the circuits in a persons' brain. Another reversible, non-invasive process is transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS.

[KingMessi]

(Original post by .snowflake.)
Yup. Not mad enough to do F.maths or physics and never took French in Y8, so can't do that at AS.

Wow, that's lucky...so the summer is yours now? Which exams did you have?

[.snowflake.]

(Original post by KingMessi)
Wow, that's lucky...so the summer is yours now? Which exams did you have?

Chem unit 1 and 2
Bio unit 1 and 2
Maths C1 (resit D) C2
German Unit 1
Gen. studies Unit 1.

[dancinginrainbows]

Today:
C4 - 4 hours done
Review C3 and C4 - 1 hour
Make History flashcards - 1 hour 30
Plan a History essay - 30 mins

[joestevens2092]

Need to do some fp1 big time and then some biology resit revision

[KingMessi]

(Original post by .snowflake.)
Chem unit 1 and 2
Bio unit 1 and 2
Maths C1 (resit D) C2
German Unit 1
Gen. studies Unit 1.

That's a fairly harsh set of exams, I can't imagine taking German for another two years.... Which are you dropping next year?

[.snowflake.]

(Original post by KingMessi)
That's a fairly harsh set of exams, I can't imagine taking German for another two years.... Which are you dropping next year?

Maths Hopefully.

I'm not just taking german for the next yr and a bit. i'm hopefully going to do it at uni. If I've not mucked up my AS bigstyleee.

Yes, I KNOW Chemistry and german is a funny combination.

[KingMessi]

Taking a break for a while, just too exhausted. Was hoping to finish all the stuff on phobia today, but it seems unlikely due to my football team's presentation evening. Ah well. I can finish it by eight tomorrow, hopefully. It's still been a reasonably productive day...

[tamii05]

Physics - diffraction

[cpdavis]

4 weeks till freedom!!!

[cpdavis]

Went to UCL for Fp2 revision and it was really good! But the room was so hot Felt like I was on the verge of death

Today, will finish off FP2 questions, STEP II mock and Physics questions. Aim to finish for about 11 today

[cz100]

(Original post by .snowflake.)
*waves* Miss you guys so much. Feels really weird having no revision to do :/

so.jealous.

[thesilvermagnolia]

(Original post by cpdavis)
4 weeks till freedom!!!

THIS!

[Sparkzz]

i shud really start m1

[KingMessi]

(Original post by .snowflake.)
Maths Hopefully.

I'm not just taking german for the next yr and a bit. i'm hopefully going to do it at uni. If I've not mucked up my AS bigstyleee.

Yes, I KNOW Chemistry and german is a funny combination.

Ah yes, I've heard bad things about Maths A-Level. Fair enough-although rather you than me, to be honest.

Nah, not really, I have people at my school doing Chemistry and German...whatever floats your boat, so to speak.

Why do you think you've mucked up your AS?