[Japanese_delegate]

(Original post by handsome7654)
What do you mean marking points? Do you mean like the starting points? Or the end post transcriptional and translational modification?

RNA forms phosphodiester bonds between a phosphate group and pentose sugars and joins the nucleotides together.

A ribosome attaches to the mRNA at an initiation codon (typically AUG). It doesn't have to be in the end, it may be somewhere within the sequence.
Then tRNA anticodon attaches to the first mRNA codon by complementary base pairing

Btw I'm not a biology wizard or anything so if anyone can correct any mistakes or fill the gaps in my knowledge I would really appreciate, thankyou!

then you'd go onto say about how tRNA carries a specific amino acid and as the next tRNA attaches to the next anti-codon carrying another amino acid. The two amino acids join by peptidyl transcriptase (enzyme) forming a peptide bond between then. THen first tRNA detaches picks up another amino acid and ribosome moves along the mRNA strand

[JessChappers01]

Iv not started revising for bio yet !!!!
got an exam on monday but when thats done got only this and law to revise for for 11 days letts hope i can fit it all in!

hows everyone revising for the synoptic essay??
Is everyone revising main topics from AS & A2 or just going to rely on thier previous knowledge haha

[George0123]

What would you guys include for the essay: " The causes of variation and it's biological importance"?

Thanks in advance :-)


This was posted from The Student Room's iPhone/iPad App

[clairelouise444]

(Original post by dc2012)
Hi some essays that i think are bound to come up are the structure and importance of proteins, and importance of ATP. there pretty broad questions and allow you to talk about aspects from all of the units.

Thanks
Do you think they are likely to repeat topics theyve done before?
and if i was doing a variation essay and wanted to include "extra reading" info for more marks, could i talk about something like the variation between humans and animals in terms of distribution of layers in the eye?

[Japanese_delegate]

(Original post by George0123)
What would you guys include for the essay: " The causes of variation and it's biological importance"?

Thanks in advance :-)


This was posted from The Student Room's iPhone/iPad App

you would talk about

Unit 1- amino acid sequence (i.e. primary-tertiary)

Unit 2- environmental variation, meiosis, quick bit on antibiotic resistance

Unit 4-sex linkage(tempted to bring in haemophilia) and co-dominance

Unit 5- gene therapy so like addition of probes to 'mask' defected allele

[NutterFrutter]

(Original post by George0123)
What would you guys include for the essay: " The causes of variation and it's biological importance"?

Thanks in advance :-)


This was posted from The Student Room's iPhone/iPad App

Meiosis/Random fertilisation/crossing-over/independent segregation (assortment of alleles)
Environmental factors (affect on phenotype)
Mutations/Mutagenic agents
Natural selection/Speciation

There's probably other things you could include, can't think of them at the moment.

[James A]

Essay prep is going along nicely. Just went over different diseases and inherited diseases. Could include examples of diseases relating to the topic I'm actually discussing.

I'm hoping for 20/25 marks for this essay

[Bright.Inspiration.]

(Original post by James A)
Essay prep is going along nicely. Just went over different diseases and inherited diseases. Could include examples of diseases relating to the topic I'm actually discussing.

Ooo what kind of stuff did you get for this title James ?

[James A]

(Original post by Bright.Inspiration.)
Ooo what kind of stuff did you get for this title James ?

No, it wasn't a title. I'm just making notes in general of different diseases.

Like Emphysema, Alzheimers etc , the symptoms and consequences (e.g. alzheimers causes your brain to decrease in mental abilities). It's something to include when discussing something like the splicing of pre-mRNA in transciption..

[drlesliechoi]

Just a quick question, how detailed must we know about the Pacinian corpuscle and the eye as I have never seen a question on it come up in the new spec papers...

Also, not sure if anyone has posted but here's a list of potential essay questions my teachers have given me:

1. The functions of nucleic acids.
2. The factors which influence the concentration of glucose in the blood.
3. Relationships between animals and plants
4. How the structure of cell organelles is related to their functions
5. The process of diffusion and its importance in living organisms.
6. Maintaining constant conditions in the body.
7. The many causes of human disease.
8. The factors which determine an organism's phenotype
9. The different ways in which organisms use ATP
10. How the structure of cells is related to their function
11. How bacteria affect human lives
12. The biological importance of water
13. The structure and functions of carbohydrates
14. Cycles in biology
15. How CO2 gets from a respiring cell to the lumen of an alveolus in the lungs
16. The transfer of energy between different organisms and between these organisms and their environment
17. Ways in which different species of organisms differ from each other
18. Negative feedback and its importance in biology
19. Condensation and hydrolysis and their importance in biology.
20. Describe how inorganic ions are used in living organisms.
21. Apart from causing disease, describe how bacteria may affect the lives of humans and other organisms.
22. Describe how the structures of different polymers are related to their functions.
23. Heat and many different substances are transferred within the body and between the body and the environment. Explain how surface area is linked to this transfer.
24. Energy transfers which take place inside living organisms.
25. The process of osmosis and its importance to living organisms.
26. How cells divide, and the roles of different types of cell division.

Specimen Paper:

Mean temperatures are rising in many parts of the world. The rising temperatures may result in physiological and ecological effects on living organisms. Describe and explain these effects.

The causes of variation and its biological importance.

June 2010:

Carbon dioxide may affect organisms directly or indirectly. Describe and explain these effects.

The causes of disease in humans.

June 2011:

Using DNA in science and technology

A cycle is a biological pathway or process in which the end product of one cycle becomes the starting point for the next cycle. Write an essay about cycles in biology.

Hope this helps everyone, good luck

[Heyimdec]

Thanks for the list drlesliechoi.

Praying for a Cycles essay to come up!

[NutterFrutter]

(Original post by drlesliechoi)
Just a quick question, how detailed must we know about the Pacinian corpuscle and the eye as I have never seen a question on it come up in the new spec papers...

The detail of your textbook.

[NutterFrutter]

(Original post by Heyimdec)
Thanks for the list drlesliechoi.

Praying for a Cycles essay to come up!

There won't be a cycles essay as it was on the June 2011 paper.

[James A]

(Original post by drlesliechoi)
Just a quick question, how detailed must we know about the Pacinian corpuscle and the eye as I have never seen a question on it come up in the new spec papers...

Also, not sure if anyone has posted but here's a list of potential essay questions my teachers have given me:

1. The functions of nucleic acids.
2. The factors which influence the concentration of glucose in the blood.
3. Relationships between animals and plants
4. How the structure of cell organelles is related to their functions
5. The process of diffusion and its importance in living organisms.
6. Maintaining constant conditions in the body.
7. The many causes of human disease.
8. The factors which determine an organism's phenotype
9. The different ways in which organisms use ATP
10. How the structure of cells is related to their function
11. How bacteria affect human lives
12. The biological importance of water
13. The structure and functions of carbohydrates
14. Cycles in biology
15. How CO2 gets from a respiring cell to the lumen of an alveolus in the lungs
16. The transfer of energy between different organisms and between these organisms and their environment
17. Ways in which different species of organisms differ from each other
18. Negative feedback and its importance in biology
19. Condensation and hydrolysis and their importance in biology.
20. Describe how inorganic ions are used in living organisms.
21. Apart from causing disease, describe how bacteria may affect the lives of humans and other organisms.
22. Describe how the structures of different polymers are related to their functions.
23. Heat and many different substances are transferred within the body and between the body and the environment. Explain how surface area is linked to this transfer.
(These are all made up ones, the past paper ones and the specimen paper everyone should have already )

Do you really think the part in bold will come up?

That's a four mark question in a normal paper, why would something narrow like that come up in the exam? I'll give everyone 10 quid on this forum if that comes up lol

[drlesliechoi]

(Original post by James A)
Do you really think the part in bold will come up?

That's a four mark question in a normal paper, why would something narrow like that come up in the exam? I'll give everyone 10 quid on this forum if that comes up lol

DEAL!
Personally no, I'm just posting what my teachers gave me

[NutterFrutter]

(Original post by James A)
Do you really think the part in bold will come up?

That's a four mark question in a normal paper, why would something narrow like that come up in the exam? I'll give everyone 10 quid on this forum if that comes up lol

Indeed, it wouldn't be an essay title. No £10 for me.

[Heyimdec]

(Original post by James A)
Do you really think the part in bold will come up?

That's a four mark question in a normal paper, why would something narrow like that come up in the exam? I'll give everyone 10 quid on this forum if that comes up lol

Deal!

[Heyimdec]

(Original post by NutterFrutter)
There won't be a cycles essay as it was on the June 2011 paper.

I know, I wrote the essay for my mock. It would be nice though.

[NutterFrutter]

(Original post by Heyimdec)
I know, I wrote the essay for my mock. It would be nice though.

It would be very nice, let's just hope we get an essay which is similarly easy.

[James A]

(Original post by drlesliechoi)
DEAL!
Personally no, I'm just posting what my teachers gave me

(Original post by NutterFrutter)
Indeed, it wouldn't be an essay title. No £10 for me.

(Original post by Heyimdec)
Deal!

hehe sweepstakes for the essay title that comes ups in biology