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Psychology AQA B PSYB4 18th June 2012

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Reply 80
Original post by Kittt
there wasn't a PSYB4 paper in January; they're only in June! so we only have June 2011 n 2010 to work with as past questions from the new spec!


What were the questions on the debates in June 11 and 10?


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Reply 81
Original post by AmyBarbie
What were the questions on the debates in June 11 and 10?


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I think one was on the eclectic approach. Check the website!
Reply 82
Original post by AmyBarbie
What were the questions on the debates in June 11 and 10?


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can't remember 2010 but i know 2011 was should psych be a science.. its on the aqa site
Reply 83
Original post by lumayaa
are the 12 markers, still 4-8 split?

like 4 AO1'S and 8 AO2's?

any sample essay plans? i really need to get the structure right :/
for instance;
Outline the behaviourist and cognitive approaches in psychology and evaluate at least
one application of each approach
.


Not that question but here's a plan I made with my teacher. Note though that individual AO1 and AO2 marks aren't picked out. The examiner reads the essay then decides how many marks they think it deserves.

Discuss the Humanistic Approach in Psychology. Refer to the behaviourist and/or psychodynamic approaches in your answer

A01 - Knowledge and understanding of the Humanisitc approach
1) Humanists developed their approach as a recation to the prevailing ideas of the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches

2) Focus is the idea that humans have Free Will -- All people are essentially good (as opposed to being under the control of an "id" or animalisitc "evolutionary" impulses) and this means their subejctive experience of the world is most important.

3) Conditions of worth affect self esteem -- client centred therapy used to help individual corrrect his/her self esteem.

4) Rogers' emphasised the self concept -- ideal, percived and incongruent. Maslow the human concept, shown in the Hierarchy of needs.

A02 - Analusis of contributioons, relative strengths and limitations

1) - In general, humanists reject the scientific method -- focus on the individual means behaviour cannot be generalised, assuming science to be humanising. This brings questions about whether humanism can even be part of study of human behaviour.

2) + Put client in charge with the Client Centred Therpay -- the therapist's role is to provide support, making it a more appropriate private thereapy than the psychoanalysis. where the client is considered unware of their own illness, not in control and being told they are wrong. Sexton and Wiston (you could bring in any study, even if you've only seen it on Derren Brown or something so long as it supports the point) provided evidence that CCT is effecrive for some people. They respect positive personality changes.

3) + Q-Sort -- Clients sort cards to see how they percieve themsleves and that cues the type of therapy. Studies show positivive changes in self perception.

4) - However, some issues are not solved with CCT -- Schizophrenia and life disorders for instance.

5) - Fore some disorders like phobias, therapies like systematic desensitisation are very fast and reliable.

6) - We can never say the therapy itself is working -- may just be the relationship between the client and the therpaist

7) EVen though research shows people who leave therapy say it works, data is rarely collected about people that leave the therapy early

8) One final, major concern with the therapy is the idea that the clien is in control of "curing" his/herself -- which suggests that a failure to get better ius the clients fault -- perhaps raising ethical questions, especially when dealing with trauma survivors and the possible detrimental effect to a person's self esteem.

We can say that the Humanisitic approach, focusing on what is good about being human and how we're all unique can be seen as a positive aspect, but the rejection of science leaves the approach untestable, like the psychodynamic approach

On balance, despite their contributions, reminding us that people are unique, humanists haven't moved psychology forward as much as their contemparies and they have therefore been overtaken by more modern approaches like neurosicne and cognitive science.
Reply 84
Original post by Placebo101
Not that question but here's a plan I made with my teacher. Note though that individual AO1 and AO2 marks aren't picked out. The examiner reads the essay then decides how many marks they think it deserves.

Discuss the Humanistic Approach in Psychology. Refer to the behaviourist and/or psychodynamic approaches in your answer

A01 - Knowledge and understanding of the Humanisitc approach
1) Humanists developed their approach as a recation to the prevailing ideas of the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches

2) Focus is the idea that humans have Free Will -- All people are essentially good (as opposed to being under the control of an "id" or animalisitc "evolutionary" impulses) and this means their subejctive experience of the world is most important.

3) Conditions of worth affect self esteem -- client centred therapy used to help individual corrrect his/her self esteem.

4) Rogers' emphasised the self concept -- ideal, percived and incongruent. Maslow the human concept, shown in the Hierarchy of needs.

A02 - Analusis of contributioons, relative strengths and limitations

1) - In general, humanists reject the scientific method -- focus on the individual means behaviour cannot be generalised, assuming science to be humanising. This brings questions about whether humanism can even be part of study of human behaviour.

2) + Put client in charge with the Client Centred Therpay -- the therapist's role is to provide support, making it a more appropriate private thereapy than the psychoanalysis. where the client is considered unware of their own illness, not in control and being told they are wrong. Sexton and Wiston (you could bring in any study, even if you've only seen it on Derren Brown or something so long as it supports the point) provided evidence that CCT is effecrive for some people. They respect positive personality changes.

3) + Q-Sort -- Clients sort cards to see how they percieve themsleves and that cues the type of therapy. Studies show positivive changes in self perception.

4) - However, some issues are not solved with CCT -- Schizophrenia and life disorders for instance.

5) - Fore some disorders like phobias, therapies like systematic desensitisation are very fast and reliable.

6) - We can never say the therapy itself is working -- may just be the relationship between the client and the therpaist

7) EVen though research shows people who leave therapy say it works, data is rarely collected about people that leave the therapy early

8) One final, major concern with the therapy is the idea that the clien is in control of "curing" his/herself -- which suggests that a failure to get better ius the clients fault -- perhaps raising ethical questions, especially when dealing with trauma survivors and the possible detrimental effect to a person's self esteem.

We can say that the Humanisitic approach, focusing on what is good about being human and how we're all unique can be seen as a positive aspect, but the rejection of science leaves the approach untestable, like the psychodynamic approach

On balance, despite their contributions, reminding us that people are unique, humanists haven't moved psychology forward as much as their contemparies and they have therefore been overtaken by more modern approaches like neurosicne and cognitive science.



thanks so much, so we don't need to mention topics/debates unless specified in section A ? (approaches section)
Reply 85
Original post by lumayaa
thanks so much, so we don't need to mention topics/debates unless specified in section A ? (approaches section)


Always mention topics -- on the approaches and the debates. Putting debates in the approaches essay is a pretty easy way of getting extra Ao2s without revising but you don't have to.
Reply 86
does anyone have predictions for approach essays???????
Reply 87
The different stats tests are we supposed to know how to do it or...?


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Reply 88
Original post by AmyBarbie
The different stats tests are we supposed to know how to do it or...?


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you only need to know when to use them not how to work them out
Difference
Difference + Interval + Unrelated = Unrelated T-test

Difference + Interval + Related = Related T-test

Difference + Ordinal + Unrelated = Mann whitney U test

Difference + Ordinal + Related = Wilcoxon test

Difference + Nominal + Unrelated = Chi squared

Difference + Nominal + Related = Sign test

Correlation
Correlation + Interval = Pearson's product moment

Correlation + Ordinal = Spearman's rank

Correlation + Nominal = Chi squared

Any mistakes?
Reply 90
do we need to know 2 post-freudian theories because our class did jung and erikson, erikson's okay but i cant get my head around jung???????????????

alsoooo what are two similarities between biological approach and psychodynamic???
(edited 11 years ago)
Reply 91
Original post by lamxox
do we need to know 2 post-freudian theories because our class did jung and erikson, erikson's okay but i cant get my head around jung???????????????

alsoooo what are two similarities between biological approach and psychodynamic???



Unfortunately you do need to know 2 post freudian theories, but Jung is only likely to come up in essay evaluations.

Similarities: Both deterministic (Biological approach says behaviour is a result of genetics or neurochemicals, psychodynamic approach says that we are controled by unconcious forces, id, ego and superego) Both reductionist (Biological splits all behaviour into sequences of DNA or scans of brain activity and Psychodynamic approach looks at people in terms of their components, id, ego superego but equally Freud's case studies can be argued to be holistic)
Reply 92
Original post by chocolate_monster
Difference
Difference + Interval + Unrelated = Unrelated T-test

Difference + Interval + Related = Related T-test

Difference + Ordinal + Unrelated = Mann whitney U test

Difference + Ordinal + Related = Wilcoxon test

Difference + Nominal + Unrelated = Chi squared

Difference + Nominal + Related = Sign test

Correlation
Correlation + Interval = Pearson's product moment

Correlation + Ordinal = Spearman's rank

Correlation + Nominal = Chi squared

Any mistakes?


This is absolutely amazing. Far more concise than anything I've seen so far. Thanks!

Do you know what you'd have to learn for ethics?
Original post by lamxox
do we need to know 2 post-freudian theories because our class did jung and erikson, erikson's okay but i cant get my head around jung???????????????

alsoooo what are two similarities between biological approach and psychodynamic???


Adler is another post freudian who devolped the concept of inferior complex.

2 simularities could be... both take the nature approach (biological has emphasis on genes, hormones... and psychodynamic focuses on innate biological drives) both are deterministic (no free will!) and reductionist.
Reply 94
Does anyone else find reading off the Mann Whitney tables really confusing? Lol


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Reply 95
Original post by Placebo101
Unfortunately you do need to know 2 post freudian theories, but Jung is only likely to come up in essay evaluations.

Similarities: Both deterministic (Biological approach says behaviour is a result of genetics or neurochemicals, psychodynamic approach says that we are controled by unconcious forces, id, ego and superego) Both reductionist (Biological splits all behaviour into sequences of DNA or scans of brain activity and Psychodynamic approach looks at people in terms of their components, id, ego superego but equally Freud's case studies can be argued to be holistic)


thanks!!!!!!!!!! :smile: x
Original post by lamxox
do we need to know 2 post-freudian theories because our class did jung and erikson, erikson's okay but i cant get my head around jung???????????????

alsoooo what are two similarities between biological approach and psychodynamic???


Also both can be idiographic and nomothetic. Biological approach sometimes uses post mortem to study individual characteristics which is idiographic. Psychodynamic uses case studies. But biological approach makes generalised laws- schizophrenia is due to neurotransmitters... and psychodynamic believes everyone goes through psychosexual stages so thats nomothetic.
Even if the link between them seems weak, as long as you back up your answer then the examiner should give you the marks :smile:
Reply 97
Original post by broken_rose
Also both can be idiographic and nomothetic. Biological approach sometimes uses post mortem to study individual characteristics which is idiographic. Psychodynamic uses case studies. But biological approach makes generalised laws- schizophrenia is due to neurotransmitters... and psychodynamic believes everyone goes through psychosexual stages so thats nomothetic.
Even if the link between them seems weak, as long as you back up your answer then the examiner should give you the marks :smile:


Would that be right for an essay or a shorter question?
Original post by chocolate_monster
Difference
Difference + Interval + Unrelated = Unrelated T-test

Difference + Interval + Related = Related T-test

Difference + Ordinal + Unrelated = Mann whitney U test

Difference + Ordinal + Related = Wilcoxon test

Difference + Nominal + Unrelated = Chi squared

Difference + Nominal + Related = Sign test

Correlation
Correlation + Interval = Pearson's product moment

Correlation + Ordinal = Spearman's rank

Correlation + Nominal = Chi squared

Any mistakes?


To remember it, we were taught "Chinese men usually sing whilst roasting chinese spicy pears".

(Experiment, unrelated design)
Chinese = Chi squared (nominal)
Men = Mann Whitney (ordinal)
Usually = Unrelated t -test (interval)

(Experiment, related design)
Sing = Sign (nominal)
Whilst = Wilcoxon (ordinal)
Roasting = Related t-test (interval)

(Correlation)
Chinese = Chi squared (nominal)
Spicy = Spearmans Rho (ordinal)
Pears = Pearsons (interval)
Reply 99
does anybody know strengths and weaknesses of quantitative and qualitative data??????????????????? :smile:

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