Proving Cassini's identity

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  1. SubAtomic's Avatar
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    Proving Cassini's identity
    \displaystyle C_n=F_{n-1}F_{n+1}-F^2_n

    Know from a previous page that, Fib recurrence relation is

    \displaystyle F_n=F_{n+2}-F_{n+1}

    Hi, so here's Cassini' identity

    Cassini's identity

    \displaystyle\mathrm{For} \ \ n=1,2,3,..., \\ \\ F_{n-1}F_{n+1}-F_n^2=(-1)^n

    So what's the deal with subscripts because this is where I get lost.

    Using the Fib recurrence relation twice.

    We have

    \displaystyle C_{n+1}=F_nF_{n+2}-F^2_{n+1}

    \displaystyle =F_n(F_{n+1}+F_n)-F^2_{n+1}

    How do we go from the first line to the second line, I think this is what is holding me back.

    So I can gather from the equation that

    \displaystyle F_nF_{n+2} \equiv F_n(F_{n+1}+F_n)

    Just don't understand how the factorising works here

    Will put the rest up but that bit is the main bit for me so far, maybe will get the rest if I knew what going on within those first lines.

    \displaystyle =F^2_n-F_{n+1}(F_{n+1}-F_n)

    \displaystyle =F^2_n-F_{n+1}F_{n-1}

    \displaystyle =-C_n
    Last edited by SubAtomic; 04-07-2012 at 19:28.
  2. aznkid66's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    I have no clue what this identity is, but are you sure you're not missing a definition of F_n such that

    F_n=F_{n-1}+F_{n-2} ?

    Does Since F stand for the fibonacci sequence? If so, what's happening is a substitution for F_{n+2} using the recursive formula of the sequence.

    Do you have any more questions after that point? If you do, what they only do in the next step is a mixture of expanding and factorizing.
    Last edited by aznkid66; 04-07-2012 at 19:19. Reason: Just read up on it.
  3. SubAtomic's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    (Original post by aznkid66)
    I have no clue what this identity is, but are you sure you're not missing a definition of F_n such that

    F_n=F_{n-1}+F_{n-2} ?

    Does F stand for the fibonacci sequence? If so, what's happening is a substitution for F_{n+2} using the recursive formula of the sequence.
    Yes it is to do with Fibs, and yes the 'good idea' is using the Fib recurrence relation twice assuming that is what you mean by recursive.

    It's to do with telescoping cancellation I think.

    Already know the Fib sequence is specified by recurrence system

    \displaystyle F_0=0, \ \ F_1=1, \ \ \ \ F_{n+2}=F_{n+1}+F_n \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (n=0,1,2,...)

    from an earlier chapter if that is supposed to help my understanding?

    Other than that everything I have in front of me is in the OP.

    Ah, this is on the page before which may explain things better.


    \displaystyle F_n=F_{n+2}-F_{n+1}

    Which is a rearrangement of the Fibonacci recurrence relation.
    Last edited by SubAtomic; 04-07-2012 at 19:22.
  4. aznkid66's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    Yes, that's the substitution made in:

    (Original post by SubAtomic)
    \displaystyle =F^2_n-F_{n+1}(F_{n+1}-F_n)

    \displaystyle =F^2_n-F_{n+1}F_{n-1}
    I thought you were having trouble somewhere before that, sorry.
  5. SubAtomic's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    (Original post by aznkid66)
    I have no clue what this identity is, but are you sure you're not missing a definition of F_n such that

    F_n=F_{n-1}+F_{n-2} ?

    Does Since F stand for the fibonacci sequence? If so, what's happening is a substitution for F_{n+2} using the recursive formula of the sequence.

    Do you have any more questions after that point? If you do, what they only do in the next step is a mixture of expanding and factorizing.
    Think I get it now, yet another newb error from me, not seeing the obvious Substitution of \displaystyle F_{n+2}
  6. aznkid66's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    Evil textbooks are always trying to take advantage of our inner newb, lol xD
  7. SubAtomic's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    (Original post by aznkid66)
    Evil textbooks are always trying to take advantage of our inner newb, lol xD
    Lol, my inner newb gets abused too much for my liking at times.

    Just for clarification how would I multiply out such an equation

    \displaystyle -F_{n+1}(F_{n+1}-F_n)

    Don't get how

    \displaystyle -F_{n+1}(F_{n+1}-F_n) \equiv -F_{n+1}F_{n-1}

    Or is it all to do with subbing in stuff we already should know?

    Gosh I suck at this stuff so far.
    Last edited by SubAtomic; 04-07-2012 at 19:57.
  8. aznkid66's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    (Original post by SubAtomic)
    Lol, my inner newb gets abused too much for my liking at times.

    Just for clarification how would I multiply out such an equation

    \displaystyle -F_{n+1}(F_{n+1}-F_n)

    Or is it all to do with subbing in stuff we already should know?
    It's subbing F_{n-1} into what's in the parentheses. low equals high minus middle.
  9. SubAtomic's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    (Original post by aznkid66)
    It's subbing F_{n-1} into what's in the parentheses. low equals high minus middle?.
    How do we know \displaystyle F_{n+1}-F_n=F_{n-1} ?

    Any online material I can read to understand this better? Feel I must be missing something.
    Last edited by SubAtomic; 04-07-2012 at 20:06.
  10. aznkid66's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    (Original post by SubAtomic)
    How do we know \displaystyle F_{n+1}-F_n=F_{n-1} ?

    Any online material I can read to understand this better?
    I don't know, I haven't formally learned this before, so I don't know any sources.. I think most of it can be "logic'd" with algebra as long as you have a grasp on sequences and using the subscripts to your advantage.

    As for that specific equation, there are many places you can start. For example, your book defines the recursive equation as:

    F_{n+2}=F_{n+1}+F_n

    Route 1:
    Spoiler:
    Show
    Right now, that equation says "high = middle + low." So we isolate "low" by moving "middle" to the LHS.

    F_{n+2}-F_{n+1}=F_n

    Move everything down the sequence to change F_n into F_{n-1}.

    F_{n+1}-F_{n}=F_{n-1}


    Route 2:
    Spoiler:
    Show
    Right now, that equation says "high = middle + low." Currently, the "low" is F_n, so move everything down a sequence to change the "low" into F_{n-1}.

    F_{n+1}=F_{n}+F_{n-1}

    Now isolate the term you want, F_{n-1}, by moving F_{n} to the LHS.

    F_{n+1}-F_{n}=F_{n-1}
    Last edited by aznkid66; 04-07-2012 at 20:13. Reason: Added stuff to the beginning.
  11. SubAtomic's Avatar
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    Re: Proving Cassini's identity
    (Original post by aznkid66)
    I don't know, I haven't formally learned this before, so I don't know any sources..
    You're a star, thanks for that, cannot rep you again yet but that really explains it well:cool: it is so good I could :party2: lol

    (Original post by aznkid66)
    I think most of it can be "logic'd" with algebra as long as you have a grasp on sequences and using the subscripts to your advantage.
    Well with your explanation I hope to be able to use subscripts to my advantage in the future if such a problem occurs, many thanks :cool:
    Last edited by SubAtomic; 04-07-2012 at 20:26.
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