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Reply 1
Hey, your best bet is to pop down into your local library for some nice natural hazard books. The internet can be excellent for case studies but the books are great in explaining the spatial variations in accordance to MEDCs and LEDCs.

In the end, it comes down to personal preference, but I recommend specialist books from either your school or library.
Reply 2
cheers. thats what i was going to do. ive reserved some books in central library on hazards as i have found internet research on harzards to be limited-part from the actual case studies.
becks x
Reply 3
So far we're looking at 2 MEDC and 2 LEDC, NewZeland & USA for MEDC and India and the Philippines for LEDC; will that be enough? Im doing new zeland's hazards and have had difficulty getting data such as economic effects….
Reply 4
Can someone define spatial variation, my teacher explained but I didn't understand. I'll ask her again on Monday but if someone here could explain it in context of generalisation 2 that'd be great.
Reply 5
hehey all edexcelers!! erm. i dont really like the whole spatial variotion thing - generalisation basically. doh. HELP ME?! any pointers at all? what sort of things should we be writing about in our essays??

also, how much do you guys tend to write?

got any guesses on what the questions might be??

thanks for any help in advance. =D ... from bananaboater xxx
Reply 6
bananaboater

got any guesses on what the questions might be??

Economic effects . . . short & long term . . . a guess . . .
Reply 7
so glad its spatial!
does anyone have examples of an A grade essay that they can post up? i can never seem to get any higher than a C.
Reply 8
*Wiggit*
so glad its spatial!
does anyone have examples of an A grade essay that they can post up? i can never seem to get any higher than a C.

Alright m8,

Im happy its generalisation 2 but i dont have a clue about the theory. i would be grateful if u could point me in the right direction
Reply 9
Yep I'm Gen 2 on Edexcel also, don;t really understand the actual definition of " spatial variation " though
Reply 10
the guy who made up the hazard definition (the hazard is a perceived event...or something?!) is his name Witto or Whittow?
Reply 11
ems33
the guy who made up the hazard definition (the hazard is a perceived event...or something?!) is his name Witto or Whittow?


A quote out of the opening paragraph of one of my essays. I hope it helps.

A natural hazard is a perceived natural event which threatens both life and property (John Whittow’s definition) or alternatively a more precise definition states that it is a natural event which causes US$50,000 of damage or over 10 deaths (according to Hewitt and Burton).
Reply 12
i've just been reminded but, peeps, remember when using case studies to use a mix of LEDCs and MEDCs in your answer.

...actually anybody got an example of an earthquake for an LEDC?!

- and also, how much have ppl studied geomorphological and atmospheric hazards?? cos most of my stuff is on tectonic hazards. mainly volcanoes and earthquakes actually. oohh deaarrrrr. so do ppl know much about drought, wildfire, snow avalanches, and flooding?? any key points or case studies, or websites?? needing help here i think!! somebody have pity!!

byeee xxx
Reply 13
toto8462
A quote out of the opening paragraph of one of my essays. I hope it helps.

A natural hazard is a perceived natural event which threatens both life and property (John Whittow’s definition) or alternatively a more precise definition states that it is a natural event which causes US$50,000 of damage or over 10 deaths (according to Hewitt and Burton).


cheers, similar to what i've got, dont know why i had witto written down, its never been corrected in essays, and didnt want to spell it wrong in the exam!:smile:
Reply 14
bananaboater
i've just been reminded but, peeps, remember when using case studies to use a mix of LEDCs and MEDCs in your answer.

...actually anybody got an example of an earthquake for an LEDC?!

- and also, how much have ppl studied geomorphological and atmospheric hazards?? cos most of my stuff is on tectonic hazards. mainly volcanoes and earthquakes actually. oohh deaarrrrr. so do ppl know much about drought, wildfire, snow avalanches, and flooding?? any key points or case studies, or websites?? needing help here i think!! somebody have pity!!

byeee xxx



LEDC Earthquake = Kashmir 2005 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake

I have used land slides for geomorphological

Sarno, Italy (1998) is a good mudslide example:

Google has some good info with good news reports such as: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/88932.stm

Atmospheric could be hurricanes/tropical cyclones/typhoons. Try:

Hurricane Katrina (MEDC)- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina

Hurricane Mitch (LEDC and MEDC)- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Mitch

Orissa Cyclone (LEDC)- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Cyclone_05B

I hope thats all useful
hey, all the links for the case studies are really useful. I am so nervous about this exam as my school is REALLY crap and we have only had 3 lessons on hazards. :eek:
What about everyone else ??
Reply 16
toto8462
A quote out of the opening paragraph of one of my essays. I hope it helps.

A natural hazard is a perceived natural event which threatens both life and property (John Whittow’s definition) or alternatively a more precise definition states that it is a natural event which causes US$50,000 of damage or over 10 deaths (according to Hewitt and Burton).


Hey are you the person that wrote that in an exam used as an example in the 2006 Jan examiners report?
Reply 17
J4ME5
Hey are you the person that wrote that in an exam used as an example in the 2006 Jan examiners report?



er..no. I am yet to take this exam. Its from one of my practise essays. Do you get examiners reports and mark schemes from your school?

We did some key definitions in class and that sentence is just a two or three of them put together with odd linking word.
Reply 18
toto8462
er..no. I am yet to take this exam. Its from one of my practise essays. Do you get examiners reports and mark schemes from your school?

We did some key definitions in class and that sentence is just a two or three of them put together with odd linking word.


Yeah i have the 2006 Jan report and one or two mark schemes; i think the 2002 hazard exam was on spatial . . . but the thing I mostly picked up was that people weren’t being ‘flexible’ for the hazards essay. So I think that means learn lots of case studies and I guess it’s down to practising exam/essay questions.
Reply 19
J4ME5
Yeah i have the 2006 Jan report and one or two mark schemes; i think the 2002 hazard exam was on spatial . . . but the thing I mostly picked up was that people weren’t being ‘flexible’ for the hazards essay. So I think that means learn lots of case studies and I guess it’s down to practising exam/essay questions.


I agree with you on this. On the examiners reports i have read in school, they moan about people writing half an essay on Kobe quite a lot!

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