The Student Room Group

Blackbody curve

If on the blackbody curve, the highest intensity of the sun's light peaks at blue then why does the sun appear yellow?
Reply 1
We need to start with the fact that white light is a combination of all colors produced equally by a glowing object. A glowing object that appears blue is blue because it's producing more blue light than it is producing red, orange, yellow, green light. The color of a glowing object depends on the temperature of the object. Now we can proceed to your question. Two Reasons why the Sun appears yellow:
1. The Sun's surface temperature (5,500 degrees C) produces a range of visible light (red to blue) in which yellow is the most plentiful, but not much more than other colors it produces. If the Sun were cooler, say 2,500 degrees C, it would look red, like the stars Antares and Betelgeuse. Or if the Sun were hotter, say 15,000 degrees C, it would look blue, like the star Rigel.

2 The Earth's atmosphere acts as a kind of light filter. Some colors are filtered more than others. The Sun is a yellow star, but the Earth's atmosphere makes the Sun look more yellow than it appears than if you were to observe it from space where it would appear more white than yellow. But you don't have to leave Earth to see that the Sun is really less yellow than it appears. If you are in the Rocky Mountains at 11,000 ft elevation, the Sun looks less yellow and more white than it does at sea level. There are fewer air molecules at this elevation to filter the Sun's other colors. Imagine what the Sun would look like from an airplane at 40,000 ft altitude--quite white! Also, when you are able to look at the Sun where you live, it's morning or late afternoon. It's easier to look at the Sun for a few seconds than it is a noon. The Sun appears more yellow at those times than it would if you were to observe it at noon (12 PM) when Sun is highest in the sky for the day; it's at its brightest and whitest--hard to look at. Because of the Sun's high position at noon, the sunlight has less air to travel through. Less air means less filtering of other colors. Remember: Light appears white because all colors are equally reaching your eyes. So, at noon the Sun appears to be more white, less yellow--closer to the way it really is!
Reply 2
Original post by the bear
We need to start with the fact that white light is a combination of all colors produced equally by a glowing object. A glowing object that appears blue is blue because it's producing more blue light than it is producing red, orange, yellow, green light. The color of a glowing object depends on the temperature of the object. Now we can proceed to your question. Two Reasons why the Sun appears yellow:
1. The Sun's surface temperature (5,500 degrees C) produces a range of visible light (red to blue) in which yellow is the most plentiful, but not much more than other colors it produces. If the Sun were cooler, say 2,500 degrees C, it would look red, like the stars Antares and Betelgeuse. Or if the Sun were hotter, say 15,000 degrees C, it would look blue, like the star Rigel.

2 The Earth's atmosphere acts as a kind of light filter. Some colors are filtered more than others. The Sun is a yellow star, but the Earth's atmosphere makes the Sun look more yellow than it appears than if you were to observe it from space where it would appear more white than yellow. But you don't have to leave Earth to see that the Sun is really less yellow than it appears. If you are in the Rocky Mountains at 11,000 ft elevation, the Sun looks less yellow and more white than it does at sea level. There are fewer air molecules at this elevation to filter the Sun's other colors. Imagine what the Sun would look like from an airplane at 40,000 ft altitude--quite white! Also, when you are able to look at the Sun where you live, it's morning or late afternoon. It's easier to look at the Sun for a few seconds than it is a noon. The Sun appears more yellow at those times than it would if you were to observe it at noon (12 PM) when Sun is highest in the sky for the day; it's at its brightest and whitest--hard to look at. Because of the Sun's high position at noon, the sunlight has less air to travel through. Less air means less filtering of other colors. Remember: Light appears white because all colors are equally reaching your eyes. So, at noon the Sun appears to be more white, less yellow--closer to the way it really is!


That was really good!
Though I still have a question left: why doesn't it appear blue?
Reply 3
If you are referring to the peak color, then you have to be careful. The peak color is not a concrete concept and depends on whether you are in frequency space or wavelength space. In wavelength space, the peak color of sunlight before hitting our atmosphere is violet. In frequency space, the peak color is green. Which one is right? They are both right. This illustrates the pointlessness in assigning special meaning to the peak color of light with a broad spectrum. Sunlight is white. If sunlight were green, then we would not be able to see the redness of flowers or the blueness of butterfly wings under the illumination of sunlight.
Reply 4
solar wavelengths.gif

Also the sun peaks in the green part of the spectrum... if you look at intensity vs wavelength graph there's a fatter tail to the red end, meaning there's more light with longer wavelengths that green.
Reply 5
Original post by the bear
If you are referring to the peak color, then you have to be careful. The peak color is not a concrete concept and depends on whether you are in frequency space or wavelength space. In wavelength space, the peak color of sunlight before hitting our atmosphere is violet. In frequency space, the peak color is green. Which one is right? They are both right. This illustrates the pointlessness in assigning special meaning to the peak color of light with a broad spectrum. Sunlight is white. If sunlight were green, then we would not be able to see the redness of flowers or the blueness of butterfly wings under the illumination of sunlight.


I didn't know that... Thanks!
Reply 6
Original post by Joinedup
solar wavelengths.gif

Also the sun peaks in the green part of the spectrum... if you look at intensity vs wavelength graph there's a fatter tail to the red end, meaning there's more light with longer wavelengths that green.


I don't know, my book said it was blue... but I do get your point about the fatter tail thing... Thanks!

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