Hey buddy,
I like your high ambitions, especially since you must be 18 or so. I am currently doing a PhD .... so I know a little bit about the ins and outs of how to go about things. Here are just a few of my thoughts.
- First, you've got the idea quite right. To become an academic, a PhD is a must and so after finishing your degree, this is pretty much the next step. At the moment, aim to graduate with a 1st because this will make the route to gaining funding and linking up with a supervisor all that much easier.
- In general, yes you can get funding. There's lots of places. As I'm in the science field, there are lots of government bodies, companies and other organisations willing to fund research. Also, your own department will most likely hand out scholarships to students who do really well in their UG - hence another incentive to do well in your UG degree. Make sure you do plenty of research finding out different sources of funding in your field.
- It's early days now, but keep in mind what sort of supervisor you would like to work with. I can't stress enough that this is key as they will influence your PhD significantly. During your degree, see what subjects interest you and what you're particularly good at. Based on this, look into the academics that teach these subjects at your uni or even other unis. Maybe have a chat with them and see whether you will be able to work with them and whether you two get along personally. Never restrict yourself early on and explore and talk to lots of PhD students, academics and people who have just graduate to see what the whole experience involves. Also explore other unis.
- Just be aware that academia is quite a competitive field. The competition between academics is often quite hostile and the environment you're in can reflect this. Make sure you're at a department that has a healthy and friendly environment when doing your PhD.
If you want to know more, please feel free to ask! I wish you all the very best for your career