Based on results alone, I wouldn't expect you to hit AAA with ease. Mainly, your Maths/Science grades aren't screaming out, so it's really a case of: why do you have those grades? Laziness, or did it take a lot of work to get those grades?
Simply put, some people do better at AS because they have fewer subjects to focus on, and actually try. However, plenty of people also absolutely crash out because they couldn't deal with the workload or found things too difficult and weren't prepared to work for it.
Something like Chemistry - personally, GCSE results aren't particularly indicative. AS/A2 Chemistry begins to develop the logical thinking and focuses more on understanding. From what I remember, GCSE is just churning out random facts about completely different areas. If you're not too comfortable with Maths then some areas may frustrate you a bit initially, just because there are some parts just focused on fundamental calculations (concentrations, moles etc.).
You definitely don't need an A* (I only got As in GCSE sciences) - but a B is often the minimum grade they will let you proceed with.
Why do you want to be a doctor? If that's your ultimate goal then i'd imagine your secondary choices probably resemble science at some point, so taking those subjects even if you don't pursue medicine is not a bad thing. Even if you get the grades at AS/A2 medicine unfortunately requires a lot more - so factor in the time you'll spend doing work experience, with the time you'll need to spend revising. All is not lost, but there's a lot of hard work ahead of you. Personally, i'd probably do something else (infact, I did, I thought about doing dentistry for a while but the reality of the whole application situation and background just made me change). Medicine is a nice "easy option to think about" because it's so straight forward, but there are so many things out there that you can go do that you've just never even heard of right now. You don't need your whole life mapped out at this stage, it's just getting the subjects right for what you might do. What are you thinking about if not medicine?