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chlorophyll a
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carotene/xanthophyll/chlorophyll b (POSSIBLY carotenoids)
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absorb a range of wavelengths not well absorbed by chlorophyll and pass on that energy
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maybe protect chlorphyll from very intense light
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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rubisco
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Glycerate-3-phosphate
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Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
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Cellulose and starch/(amylose/amlyopectin)
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converts one form of energy to another (pressure stimulus converted to electrical energy of nerve impulse)
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Gate of sodium ion channel forced open/ deformation by pressure
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action potentials do not vary in size, either happens or doesn't (if reaches threshold potential (-50mV))
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frequency of action potentials indicates strength
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greater frequency = more intense
OR
All action potentials same magnitude but stronger stimuli produce more action potentials
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acclimitisation/runs out of vesicles/fatigued
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Ensure one direction only
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Intergration (convergence/divergence)
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Summation (temporal/spatial)
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memory and conscious thought
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Filter out low level signals
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diabetes mellitus
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Needs to have a high blood glucose concentration so effect of insulin can be seen
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18.6%
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blood glucose concentration low/hypoglacaemia
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red blood cells broken down and recycled in liver
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therefore less Hb complex thing than there should be
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nervous before taking exam = increased blood glucose levels/had just been exercising
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detected by alpha cell receptors
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glucaon secreted binds to complementary receptor cells in liver plasma membrane
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gluconeogenesis (making glucose from fats/amino acids)
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glycogenolysis(breaking down glycogen to glucose)
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more fatty acids used in respiration
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role of adenyl cylase/cyclic AMP
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glucose leaves cells by faciliated diffusion
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reference to inhibitory effect of hormone (stops insulin secretion)
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the glutathione runs out
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enzymes become saturated, cannot work quickly enough
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acetylcholine
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either pre or post synaptic membrane
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stop secretion/stop binding
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sinusoid
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bile duct
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hepatic portal vein (branch of)
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hepatic artery (branch of)
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hepatic vein (branch of)
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hepatocytes and mitosis
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rate increases as temperature increases
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figures quoted, trend (5 to 10 degrees rate doubles)
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low temperature (0 degrees)
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Onion as slowest rate of respiration at all temperatures
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possibly potato at 0 degrees? unknown rate of respiration
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really don't know what else to put for this one
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asparagus as has highest rate at all temperatures
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oxygen tightly held to haemoglobin
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no oxygen was the selection pressure for natural selection
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can't kill host, so cannot use their oxygen
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travel in deoxygenated areas of body (in veins) (possibly)
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In mammals pyruvtae turned into lactate
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lactate converted back to pyruvate in liver
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in yeast CO2 released
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Maybe doesn't have enzymes for conversion back?
possibly lactate/ethanol dehydrogenase catalyse both directions, pryruvate carboxylase cannot
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PCT ( I think the label was Q)
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All of them except the loop of henle and lower part of the collecting duct
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Renal capsule label
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greater salt concentration in medulla
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more water reabsorbed by osmosis from collecting duct
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maybe ref. to mechanism, impermeable ascending walls, greater countercurrent mechanism
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anabolic steroids
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