Many universities offer joint honours in Physics and Philosophy, if you are having difficulty in choosing.
I think you will definitely need to look at May 2016 at the earliest for sitting A-levels. There is far too much content to master in a few months. Also, taking the practical exams in Physics could be tricky. There is an exam centre in Bristol where you can do this (3 A Tutors) and they also offer intense practice sessions, but this is quite pricey, and I don't know anywhere else that offers it.
I am currently in my first year of a physics degree, having taken an Access course (Engineering pathway) last year. This might be a better option for you. Although not all universities accept Access for Physics, there are a few good universities that do, and Access is a lot less hassle than trying to organise A Levels as a mature student.