from times.co.uk April 1
A family of five taught at home have become
mathematical prodigies. Report by Moira Petty
Brains of Britain
The advanced algebraic equations flow
smoothly on to the page as Zuleika Yusof works
through an A-level maths textbook. As I peep
over her shoulder she maintains the
concentration of one due to sit A levels in maths
next year and begin university that autumn.
The session over, Zuleika gets up from her
desk, chases her cat across the room, then
bounces on her brother's bed, drumming her
heels on the wall. Strange behaviour for a
putative undergraduate of 18 months' time - but
Zuleika turned 5 in January.
Her academic progress is so rapid that she is
being assessed every month by her parents,
Farooq, 41, and Halimahton Yusof, 42, who
have taught all their children at home. All five
could read by 2, and Sufiah, now 14, equalled
Ruth Lawrence's record of enrolling at Oxford
University at 13, "though she was ready four or
five years before that", says Mr Yusof.
Iskander, 12, and Noraisha, 16, are at Warwick
University. All three are reading mathematics.
Only the eldest, 17-year-old Isaac, is not yet at
university, though he sat his A levels at 15. He
is showing signs of becoming an entrepreneur:
"He'll be the first to make a million," says his
mother.
But it is doll-like Zuleika who most astonishes.
She has just read Huckleberry Finn and
recently zoomed through a Roald Dahl in 20
minutes - "but she had read it before", says Mr
Yusof.
"If she's not at university until 8, that might not
be too late but we hope she will soon be
attending Warwick with her brother and sister,"
he adds.
Though her work in maths is carefully
structured, other subjects are approached almost
arbitrarily but pursued in depth. She became
interested in dinosaurs after a trip to the Science
Museum and told me how a meteor wiped them
out by destroying the food chain. Having studied
human anatomy, she drew an outline of a
dinosaur then placed all organs within it. She
once wanted to be a palaeontologist but is now
enthralled by horses. "I want to be a
riding-school instructor," she says.
Like her siblings, she rarely mixes with children
of her own age. "Sometimes you feel it's an
injustice we are imposing on her," says Mr
Yusof. "But children have taken books from her
hand and torn them." Mrs Yusof, who directs
the children's education until the pre-university
stage, says: "If children make noise in the
library, she says 'How dare they?' She sounds
quite pompous but she wants to focus."
Mr Yusof says of teaching his older children: "I
may have made too many demands in terms of
time; maybe we could have done things
differently. Now we have the opposite worries.
The other night Iskander was studying until 4am
and I did wonder if that was right for a
12-year-old. He wouldn't even come down to
watch Horizon. They certainly haven't time for
soaps, and you won't find records in their
rooms."
Mr Yusof came here from Pakistan aged 6. His
father was an academic and he himself gained a
scholarship to Magdalen College, Oxford, to
read maths. He met his future wife, who is from
Malaysia and a chemistry graduate, when both
were doing research at Hull University.
They put their first two children in the university
nursery when they were toddlers. "From birth
we made efforts to introduce them to letters and
numbers," says Mr Yusof. "They soon showed
signs of wanting to read." There have been no
behavioural problems: "They were welcomed
wherever they went. Other parents tried to
model their children on them and there were
invitations in the hope that they would exert
peer influence. People think we spent hours
with them but they occupied themselves."
When the three eldest were 8, 7 and 5 they
were enrolled at a state primary. "That lasted
three months," says Mr Yusof. "The school
tried to make provision with extracurricular
activities. They made Sufiah, who was 5, take
responsibility for helping older children. She had
written a CV about herself before starting and
the staff took her to their hearts. At 8, Isaac was
working through the maths GCSE syllabus."
In 1987 Mr Yusof gave up full-time work and,
surviving on family money and savings, began
to teach at home. He will not reveal his
techniques in full but says: "We were restricted
financially so we had to find creative means to
get results. We made huge three and
four-dimensional figures and later most of the
work was done on a blackboard in the sitting
room. There were no timetables or targets.
There was always time for cuddles. We take
account of their needs and are there for them.
"Libraries were a second home. If they wanted
to read Enid Blyton, they were allowed to. We
would exercise care only if they started to
internalise certain undesirable practices in the
use of English. As they've got older they
sometimes don't want us to interfere; they need
to make their own mistakes."
There have been no problems with his children
going to university. The family met Ruth
Lawrence when Sufiah applied "off her own
bat" to Oxford. "Ruth said Sufiah should see
Oxford as a challenge."
The Yusofs are Muslims, and believe their faith
and family values help the children when faced
with the temptations of undergraduate life.
"Alcohol and drugs were never part of their
lives. We trust our children and no subject is
taboo. We don't want them walking into areas
through ignorance. Sex is subject to limitations
of their ages. As a family we have hobbies and a
lot of our time is spent with friends and family."
The four older children are also ranked among
the top ten junior tennis players in Britain.
Before "maths took over from tennis", as Mrs
Yusof puts it, the children went to tournaments
without their parents. "You get partisan crowds
and they learnt to survive or sink. If we have
fears for their safety, they giggle, shake their
heads, then off they go," says Mr Yusof.
He adds that his children often outwit him.
"Sufiah plays mental games with us and makes
us feel past our sell-by date. Prove this,
establish that, she says. If I find books flung
around in her room, she'll pick me up on chaos
theory and tell me there is a structure there."
When Noraisha and Iskander joined Warwick,
chosen for its reputation in maths, the family left
Northampton and moved into a rented semi
opposite the campus in Coventry. Noraisha,
"very much a social creature", has a circle of
friends "who pour out their troubles to her. She
has a divergent personality - very creative.
When she was little she would leave footprints
all over the carpet, painting with her feet.
"She is interested in biological sciences and is
building mathematical models of blood and
tissue. Before it accepted her, Warwick tested
her on subjects like genetics."
Iskander rushes past on his way to a lecture
with a polite grunt. "He is too busy for more
than monosyllables," says Mr Yusof. "He's a
mathematician's mathematician."
Noraisha went through a phase of "wanting her
hair cut a certain way" but none of the girls now
cares about fashion. But Mr Yusof says: "We
are keen to present ourselves as being normal.
We don't want labels put on us."
The family is fiercely competitive. Zuleika asks
her siblings for their university assessment
marks, sometimes pronouncing: "Can't you do
better than that? I'll write to your professor."
Sufiah, when tiny, raced her uncles to complete
a jigsaw, but did it upside-down. Zuleika
recently dragged a stool into the toilet as a prop
for a book. "Like the others, she won't waste
her time just sitting there," says Mrs Yusof.
They were recently invited on a lecture tour of
Malaysia, where they talked about their life
before audiences of thousands. There have been
requests from education ministries overseas to
give advice and offers of funding so they can set
up their own institution. "We feel we can help
the population at large, and improve universities'
methods," says Mr Yusof.
The family may move to America - "we're
considering Harvard for postgraduate study" -
but already the children have been approached
by multinational companies. Zuleika,
meanwhile, plays with a toy while explaining the
difference between carnivores, herbivores and
omnivores. Already she is at home on campus;
she has joined the maths and Malaysian
societies. There is little doubt that she will
shoulder responsibilities earlier than most
children. Mrs Yusof says: "I feel a loss because
my children are disappearing quickly. Most
mothers lose them at 18; mine are going out into
the world younger and younger." She looks
downcast, then brightens: "But we'll have all the
grandchildren to look after and educate."