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Question on hydrogen reacting with air

400 volumes of hydrogen combusts completely with 1000 volumes of air to form pure water and 800 volumes of air remain. If insufficient hydrogen is used then the water produced is acidic. Explain these observations. (Based on Henry Cavendish's experiment).

Am I right in saying that it shows that hydrogen and oxygen react with a 2:1 ratio and only 200 volumes of the air reacts as oxygen composition is 20% in air and HNO3 is produced in insufficient hydrogen making the water acidic.

But what I'm unsure of is how and why HNO3 is produced?

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