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Organic Jan '08

Q1b) State what is meant by the petroleum fraction:

Q1dii) It may be desirable to increase the use of ethanol as a fuel in the future
give on reason for this other than the production of smaller amounts of pollutants

Is it because it can be made from glucose a renewable resource

Q2ei) Explain why non polar bromine molecules are able to react with the double bonds in alkenes

P.S Does anyone have the mark scheme for this?
Q1b) State what is meant by the petroleum fraction:

Not sure about this one. I think that a petrolelum fraction is made of alkanes/alkenes with a similar relative molecular mass...

Q1dii) It may be desirable to increase the use of ethanol as a fuel in the future
give on reason for this other than the production of smaller amounts of pollutants

Ethanol is synthesised from yeast (during anaerobic respiration with the help of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase) which is a renewable source of energy.

Q2ei) Explain why non polar bromine molecules are able to react with the double bonds in alkenes

The double bonds in alkenes cause alkenes to undergo electrophilic addition. This is because the double bond contains one sigma bond and one pi bond. When a non polar bromine molecule approaches the alkene the bromine molecule becomes polarised by the electon cloud around the pi bond (in the alkene). This allows the bromine molecule to undergo an electrophilic addition with the alkene forming a halogenoalkane.

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