Atheroma

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- Damage occurs the the endothelium (by viral infections, high blood pressure and chemical pollutions in the blood)

- White blood cells, mostly macrophages, are attracted to this site.

- They pass from the blood and squeeze through the endothelium in to the surrounding muscular layer.

- They absorb fatty acids, mostly low-density lipoproteins

- The white blood cells and lipids from the blood clump together under the lining to form fatty streaks.

- Over time more white blood cells, lipids and connective tissues build up and harden to form fibrous plaques called an atheroma.

- The plaque partially blocks the lumen of the artery and restricts the blood flow, causing blood pressure to increase.