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Edexcel A geography A2 11/06-human development etc

What do you think about hte chances of differing rates of city growth coming up since they have come up in both 07 and 08?

Reply 61

adambedford

Ok so I thought I'd start a post with a list of topics I think might come up for the essay:

Industrial Location:

•

Decline in UK manufacturing industry

•

Role of TNCs in the global economy

•

Rise of NICs - Causes and consequences

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Factors affecting location of modern manufacturing industries

•

Analyse whether a certain factor is most important in locating industry(eg. cost of labour, transport, government influence etc.)

•

Changes in UK employment structure + reasons

Urban-Rural Relationships:

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Explain the problems associated with urbanisation

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How has the rural-urban fringe changed in recent years?

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Describe and explain the effect urban areas have on the rural environment

Development:

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Analyse the varying role of natural and human resources in development

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Explain the problems of defining development

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Regional inequalities with regards to development

The list is definitely not complete, and I'm not so strong on Urbanisation/Agriculture/Rural-Urban so would be great if anyone could contribute to the list and hopefully we can build up a better picture of what might come up tomorrow and prepare in time!

Reply 62

adambedford

glitsy

What do you think about hte chances of differing rates of city growth coming up since they have come up in both 07 and 08?

I reckon something about regional variations in development might come up and why (cumulative causation, growth poles, some areas better endowed with raw materials etc.)

Are you meaning in the Industrial Location section? If so then yeah I guess...anything is possible! In which case it would be related to transport, communications, work force, but most prominently at a national scale, government influence (I think haha!)

Reply 63

glitsy

1

I hate the questions about the effect of cities on the rural areas..
Does anyone have any like structure.

I'll start with what I have.

Negative:
Strain on services(generally retirees put strain on health care etc)
Loss of Village feel - creates disunity, conflict between commuters and existing population
Increase house prices, force locals out

Positive:
Increase in provisions of schools etc
Increase money in the economy due to the affluence of commuters...

HELP!!!!

Reply 64

adambedford

A negative could be urban sprawl. As cities grow and urbanisation takes place, smaller settlements that used to be individual become absorbed into the conurbation. London is a good example...thinnk about Outer London and how a lot of those areas used to be separate towns.

Apart from that, I dont really know. I dont think I'll be answering that question if it comes up!

Reply 65

glitsy

1

Blergh!!!
Also, in 2002 there was a question , examine the problems of defining development....
For that do you think that they mean about like the methods we use to define development, such as HDI and GNP, infant mortality etc.
OR
Do they mean what is development?

Reply 66

adambedford

both i think. I actually answered that question for practice and I basically put:

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Various methods of defining development - HDI and the other scales used.

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Sustainable development is crucial

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Regional inequalities (some areas of a country more developed that others and therefore averages arent accurate)

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Problems of variations between countries. i.e. different methods of collecting data and different figures used

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LEDCs have issues with cencuses as there isnt likely to be an accurate up to date list of the population

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Measurement scales dont take into account subsistence employment or money earned on the black market

•

Also, its almost impossible to reach an agreement on how to define literacy rates (as used by the HDI)

•

There is also another aspect of development...not only economic but also social, political and environmental. How do you define political and environmental development. (Most scales only take into account economic and social.)

•

'Quality of Life' is another important aspect that cannot really be quantified.

Hope that helps...

Thanks

OP

liz Hendry

again... Lizfairy thank you so much for the help!! Really appreciated !!! :smile:

..... god guys.. i just had 3 hours of business studies exams this morning.... they were hard !!!! I think the majority of people i talk to ar finding exams extremely hard and weird this year !!! Thanks a lot examiners for making life hell !!! :frown:

Again thanks for the helpful notes... ended up writing a perfect essay yesterday !! :smile:

Geog human tomoz guys... and guess wat.. i still no very little !!! Lets pray for uk employment structure and trade and aid !! :biggrin:

muchos laaaav

No probz :P Hope it was helpful!!
Right fire off to me what you can about UK employment structure, I'm majorly nervous about this exam!
I can just see the exam throwing at me a word I've never heard of before lol.

Also, anyone here doing agriculture/rural-urban?

Reply 69

adambedford

I'm still not sure about agriculture/rural-urban. I think it depends on how much I learn tonight!

What do I know about UK employment structure...
Decline in secondary sector / decline in manufacturing industries
Rise in tertiary
Introduction of relatively new quaternary sectors
2ndary decline due to relocation in Far East. Cheaper prices etc.
Therefore products imported are cheaper than goods produced in the UK
Shift towards tertiary leads to higher wages and more displosable income

Thats all I can think of off the top of my head. Someone please add to this because I know there isn't much there!!

Reply 70

mysticalfluffy

OP

20

glitsy

I hate the questions about the effect of cities on the rural areas..
Does anyone have any like structure.

I'll start with what I have.

Negative:
Strain on services(generally retirees put strain on health care etc)
Loss of Village feel - creates disunity, conflict between commuters and existing population
Increase house prices, force locals out

Positive:
Increase in provisions of schools etc
Increase money in the economy due to the affluence of commuters...

HELP!!!!

negative:
Competition from urban services, can lead to rural deprivation
Urban rural continuum becomes even more blurred, towns may no longer have independence/exist only to accomedate commuters
Strain on agriculture as land is required for settlements and increasing populations demand food supply.
Become suburbanised villages/towns
As rural-urban fringe becomes swallowed up by the conurbation there are conflicts between environmentalists and those wanting to preserve aesthetics, leisure areas, agricultural areas, and the need for land for new housing, industry, cheaper land, out of town shopping centres, forestry etc.
Strain on natural and human resources
Environmental impact: eg.pollution travels
In LEDCs lack of green belt/wedge system to prevent the conurbation becoming too great
Lack of independence from new towns and villages or those converted
Need to diversify, cities may be out competing small villages or towns in many ways so small areas need to diversify, examples in tourism and
Counter urbanization can be a problem in that it's difficult to provide new housing to so many people. Also, supermarkets and new ideas like the internet put local services out of business making it more difficult for aging populations who can't drive

Positive:
Greater demand for leisure and recreational pursuits in the countryside because of increased population in the city
In LEDCs such as Nairobi in Kenya workers in the city may send home a share of their wages to their families in rural areas
Increased overall demand for agricultural supplies even further from the marker, could mention von thunens model and how it almost works in Montevideo Uraguay, how areas at a further distance the city are able to produce products that sell to growing conurbations eg. dairy milk. from devon to London consumers. Locations far from the urban area benefit from the mass population.
Improved infrastructure
More competitive prices
Greater employment if urban area develops substantially, eg. cambridge science parks associated with London but further away
Increased transport in places such as Japan has provided independence to small towns and villages-bullet train
Tourism encouraged customs&traditions in Scotland
New ideas and initiatives, education

Reply 71

mysticalfluffy

OP

20

adambedford

I'm still not sure about agriculture/rural-urban. I think it depends on how much I learn tonight!

What do I know about UK employment structure...
Decline in secondary sector / decline in manufacturing industries
Rise in tertiary
Introduction of relatively new quaternary sectors
2ndary decline due to relocation in Far East. Cheaper prices etc.
Therefore products imported are cheaper than goods produced in the UK
Shift towards tertiary leads to higher wages and more displosable income

Thats all I can think of off the top of my head. Someone please add to this because I know there isn't much there!!

High tertiary concentrated specifically in urban areas, particular Global hubs such as London
Greater amount of females in employment
Exhaustion of resources eg. tin mines in cornwall also part responsible for decline in primary sectors
Generally the main employment is within the formal sector of industry
Increase in quaternary industries-talk about the hi-tech industries along the M4 corridor
Rationalisation-the mechanisation of factories has allowed for less labour in secondary industries
People are wealthier and more likely to have disposable income to spend in retail, or on goods and services
Always a need for tertiary industries
Footloose industries and large amount of people in part time employment lead to a great deal of dynamism
Globalisation-the global shift toward cheaper countries, trading blocs such as the EU allowing easier trade, raised tariffs. Reliance on other countries for food and cheaper materials.
TNCs dominating much of the industries, many being employment by foreign companies such as JVC in Scotland.

umm i could probably write more

Reply 72

ffffflorence

4

does everyone here do all 3 topics?! i've only studied development and rural-urban.. less choice i guess but less to learn!

i hope trade comes up, cmon!!

Reply 73

salbuc

development and rural urban and farming. God this is sooooo hard

Reply 74

emmmily

2

ffffflorence

does everyone here do all 3 topics?! i've only studied development and rural-urban.. less choice i guess but less to learn!

i hope trade comes up, cmon!!

nah we only learnt those two!
i hate trade i realllyyy dunno what i'd write!

Reply 75

mysticalfluffy

OP

20

salbuc

development and rural urban and farming. God this is sooooo hard

I'm doing rural urban and farming...
could you offer me any examples of case studies please?

Reply 76

emmmily

2

liz Hendry

ok..... regional polices...yer me too.. i really want them to come up.. all about mezzigorno case study etc....
trade and aid...
ur gonna wanna state the definition... then explain that there is visible and invisible types of trade...
case studies are gonna be UK, Japan, Costa Rica.. ( well.. there the ones i did )

then ur gonna wanna state what INTERNATIONAL trade is.. and that it benefits from 3 factors= economies of scale... factor endowments and specialisation..

Include here case study info about japan has limited natural resources but it has developed a highle skilled workforse that uses high tech to produce cars and electrical equipment... then talk about how they trade here....

next is gonna be the absoulute advantage... - Adam Smith founded it.. talk about maybe UK and France is u did that case study on wheat and cloth.. if not.. use one of ur wn maybe...
explain absolute advantage in a paragraph and give example....

next is comparative advantage... talkabout that it explains that countries with an advantage in all areas should still continue to trade...
then talk about its problems...

main case study here is gonna be costa rica... talk about them and the banana production ..unfair trade.. negative multiplier effect... increasing production but should spend more time on quality.

(THIS WOULD BE ON A QUESTION ABOUT INTERNATIONAL TRADE...)

When looking at a question on trade and aid and there influence on development.. continue here about trade which is above.. and then just add some facts about the diff types of aid

I no this looks confusing.. but i hope it helps :smile:

xxx

thanks for that!
can you explain absolute and comparative advantage?? i really dont get it!
and whats the costa rica case study about?

Reply 77

adambedford

comparative advantages are advantages due to natural resources and location. These create the initial stimulus for an industry to locate there (Think growth poles).

absolute advantages arise because cumulative causation causes the reputation of the area to be increased and therefore attracting other indusrtry (eg. skilled workforce, improved infrastructure etc)