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Edexcel AS History 1 Option D3/D4 - 2nd of June

The Five Year Plans

Why?
Economic - Scissors Crisis, industrial was poor.
Ideological - rapid industrialsation, focus on the proletariat.
Political - Stalin make his mark, to move away from Bukharin etc.

First Five Year Plan
Focus = heavy industry.

•

target mania - over the top targets - "swept up in the Cultural Revolution"

•

examples include 35 million tonnes of coal target 1 to 75 million tonnes of coal as target 2 - neither achieved!

•

9 million of iron ore to 16 million

•

Terror - Shakhty Trial - 5 executed, Vickers trial = panic

•

Everyone wanted to pass targets and not be purged so... chaos - hijacking lorries, pulling strings, 'shock brigades', unhealthy competition.

•

Hiding mistakes, covering up underneath bureaucracy.

•

This had catastrophic economical results - overproduction due to panic and underproduction: wasteage too and poor goods - the bad pig iron at Magnitogorsk shows this

•

Consumer goods were abandoned due to not enough resources and hate against Nepmen

•

persectution of the 'bourgeois specialist' - the industrial version of the kulak - hurt the economy

BUT

•

Coal and iron production did double, just didnt exceed targets

•

electricity tripled

•

new factories, new places - Kharkov tractor station helped collectivisation

•

unemployment didnt exist anymore!

•

population movement - 50% in the cities - hurrah for communism

Second FYP
Focus: 1st half = heavy and consumer, 2nd half = armament and heavy.

•

Targets scaled down

•

investment in transport - moscow volga canal and railway improvements

•

more planned - the peoples commissariats

•

terror resumed - stakhanov - super miner - everybody struggled to keep up

•

consumer goods were good at first, but later serious shortages

•

living conditions worsened and the people were worked to their death

•

BUT - still did help communism/the economy

Third FYP
Focus: Armament.

•

Chaos due to terror

•

moderate voices removed such as kirov - maximum chaos

•

despite this - war economy was provided, it worked!

Success or failure? Success for its aims but human cost again... Must remember that industry succeeded, preapred for war, and was better than any capitalist country - success of communism
How far did its targets changed? All heavy, consumer abandoned...

Reply 161

Bellrosk

9

I hate 5YPS! If they come up I'll cry.

Reply 162

haaaza23

2

Gosh i'm not looking forward to this exam!

Reply 163

Stikki

7

Bellrosk

I hate 5YPS! If they come up I'll cry.

I have to agree.

Reply 164

Stikki

7

haaaza23

Gosh i'm not looking forward to this exam!

I have to agree. A LOT.

Reply 165

Bellrosk

9

Cry.

Back to revision.

Reply 166

haaaza23

2

Saying that.
In january:
41/60 for an A. Thats like, 20/30 on the first essay and 21/30 on the other.
Surley that isn't *too* bad?

Reply 167

sh2009

Anyone who wanted those essays can they private message me their email also to which ones they want, no success in attaching them :s-smilie:

Reply 168

Lightfantastic

Oh god. I'm panicking now...how much do quotes boost our marks - haven't learnt any?

Reply 169

Humanitiesboy123

OP

Can someone do an essay plan for :

How successful were Stalins economic policies between 1928-1941 ? (5YP's + collectivisation)

Reply 170

sh2009

Lightfantastic

Oh god. I'm panicking now...how much do quotes boost our marks - haven't learnt any?

Edexcel bum students who use them apparently, ive got a Norman Stone and Richard Pipes book, both are the formost authority on Russia and this period so im learning quotes for the D3/D4 topics, just to reinforce my conclusion only, so literally a few lines to close my essay

Anyone needing them please let me know, im thinking it will boost my marks so anything to help

Reply 171

Humanitiesboy123

OP

Ill take them :biggrin:

lol

Reply 172

Bellrosk

9

God 20/30 in January and I got a C?
God I must have done badly.

Reply 173

confusedlemons

sh2009

Edexcel bum students who use them apparently, ive got a Norman Stone and Richard Pipes book, both are the formost authority on Russia and this period so im learning quotes for the D3/D4 topics, just to reinforce my conclusion only, so literally a few lines to close my essay

Anyone needing them please let me know, im thinking it will boost my marks so anything to help

I could really do with some :smile:

Reply 174

Bellrosk

9

sh2009

Edexcel bum students who use them apparently, ive got a Norman Stone and Richard Pipes book, both are the formost authority on Russia and this period so im learning quotes for the D3/D4 topics, just to reinforce my conclusion only, so literally a few lines to close my essay

Anyone needing them please let me know, im thinking it will boost my marks so anything to help

May I have some? :smile:

Reply 175

sdiana91

17

kill me now... i can't do it... revision goes into my head for 10 mins then comes out... how do i make it stay in!?!? lol. kill me now....

Reply 176

A-Man!

1

The Great Retreat - life and culture in Stalin's Russia

Life and culture 'retreated' back to traditional values.

Education
Under Leninism - linked to work - metod proeko - project method: visiting factories and completing projects.
Under Stalinism - reverting to traditional values

•

uniform - girls had to wear plaits

•

examinations - rigorous

•

why? preparation for the FYP

•

Communist teachers

•

Komsomol

•

curriculum that amplified the old tsarist heroes

•

discipline was harsh

•

conformity = anti-marxist!

Was really popular - universal education, 50% more literacy and great preperation for the FYPs etc.

Women and Family
Leninism = equality.
Stalinism = Constituion of 1936 said equality and Zhentodel was eradicated because of "achieved equality".
There was some equality:

•

In the military - 200,000 - 70% of which fought side by side the men (A Woman In Berlin)

•

legend of a man and wife buying a tank to fight in together

•

industry - 3 milion to 13 million women employed - work side by side

BUT
Double role - military,factory + home life. Propaganda made this a necessity. Silly.
Rape in armed forces.
Pay inequality.
Domestic roles - education etc.
Abortion limited and divorce harder.
Sexual abstinence and virginity checks (yikes)
Family roles very traditional.

Religion
Not too much of a retreat - still clmaping down apart from 1935 pause and WW2 - holy Russia. This said, only 1% of churches remained open by 1941... clampdown.

The arts - Socialist Realism
Music - from experimental to 'Ode to Stalin' - Profokiev - 'simple'.
Art/architecture - experimental - Stalin = fierce and simple - traditional buildings.
Literature - from works of "the man on the street" (M. McCauley) to realist: Sholokhov - Quiet Flows the Don.
BUT
Film stayed the same = Eisenstein.

All in all - big time retreat.

Reply 177

confusedlemons

Has anybody already meantioned/ know of Lenisism Vs. Stalinism continuities and differences ?

Reply 178

Bellrosk

9

**** that above, know none of that.

Reply 179

Humanitiesboy123

OP

Would the 2 questions :

To what extent did Stalins social and cultural policies constitute a Great retrear 1928-1941
AND
Why did stalins regime encourage a change in social and cultural direction between 1928-1941 be similar ?

Edexcel AS History 1 Option D3/D4 - 2nd of June

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