Edexcel A2 Unit 5: The Tudor State 1485-1603

EEmperor

Blah, I know so few specific examples. Hopefully my unconscious will muster something from the depths of my mind tomorrow.

What did Cromwell do? Like, I know he did some administration stuff, and tried to push religion to a more protestant footing (eg. 10 articles act), but what did he do specifically about administration? Any Acts of parliament passed? Any new sources of revenue?

Cromwell
 Cromwell was perhaps not as important as he thought he was, perhaps only an ‘able administrator’.
 Travelled through Europe
 Fluent in Italian.
 Entered Royal service in the 1530s and by 1531 he was master of the King’s Jewels.
Ambitions
 He realised, like Wolsey, that to remain in the King’s service, you must do what he wants. By 1532, he had taken over management of the king’s divorce.
 He drafted legislation that would allow Henry’s supremacy and destroy the Pope’s influence.
 He reformed government, theoretically, although this is subject to debate. Those that believed he did thought that he modernised government so that special advisors would run gov’t.
 A more modern view is that yes he changed government but only to adapt to the changes that Henry had made himself.
 His financial management included creating appointments alongside the existing privy council, such as the Court of Augmentations and the Court of first fruits and Tenths. These were highly specialised departments. The workers of the King were now highly specialised, hardworking and of humble origin.
 However, the majority of the chamber were opposed to Cromwell and they weren’t reformers.
 He was determined to ensure that the power of the King was ultimate. By the Act in Restraint of Appeals. This meant that people could not apply to the Pope for help, including Catherine. England was to be considered an independent state away from the Pope and the Church.
Parliament and Cromwell
 During the 1530s, Cromwell used parliament extensively to enact legislation needed to legalised the break with Rome. Although statute law was recognised as the highest form of law, the king could easily make proclamations. The HOL was regarded as a collection of nobles rather than having any actual power.
 Parliament was not called unless absolutely necessary and therefore there was nothing to suggest that parliament held any real power.
 However, the amount of laws passed during the 1530s led to parliament being able to develop considerably. MPs gained a level of expertise that had never been seen before. Passing a bill after three readings became common practice and it also was established in areas it never had been before.
 The ‘king in parliament’ was recognised everywhere. Cromwell needed parliament for laws regarding the church and governemtn.
Cromwell and Finance
 Subsidy Act in 1534 justified tax on the grounds of war and peace
 Dissolution brought in 1.3 million in 1536.
 Land sales brought in 8 million.
 Henry wanted the money to build a war chest.
Religious Policy
 After the fall of Anne, Henry made him ‘Vice regent in spirituals’. This gave him the power to inspect monasteries.
 He made sure that supremacy was compulsory up and down England.
 To teach children the Lord’s Prayer, articles of faith had to come out of scripture, banned Catholic images and pilgramages, restricted burning of candles for the dead and a new English version of the bible was published and had to be in every Church.
Foreign Policy
 Invasion in July 1538 brought about the dissolution of the greater monasteries.
 He masterminded the Cleves marriage.
 He tried to secure an alliance with German states.
The Fall of Cromwell.
 There had been a misunderstanding of the look of Anne of Cleves. She was thought to be good looking, however, it become clear that she was not which weakened the relationship between the two.
 Cromwell went too far when implementing Protestant changes. By being made ‘Vice – gerant of Spirituals’, he could act on behalf of the King in spiritual matters and he had used the power to set out a more Protestant Church. By doing these kinds of changes, he allowed the Protestants to develop.
 Henry had very traditional men at court such as Bishop Gardiner and this reinforced Henry’s Catholicism.
 The Six Articles Act in 1539 reversed any Protestant changes in Cromwell’s time.
 Cromwell accepted his defeat on religious policy and he might have survived had he not had so many enemies at court. These enemies made good use of the fall of the Cleves marriage.
 Henry was interested in Catherine Howard, Duke of Norfolk’s niece.
 The Duke of Norfolk and Cromwell did not get along and he spread rumours that Cromwell was trying to protect the Protestants which led to his imprisonment and his execution in 1540.
 Cromwell’s power was based on the fact that he carried out the wishes of the King. By persuing his own religious and political goals, he failed. He embarrassed Henry with the Cleves marriage and enemies at Court such as Gardiner and Norfolk made him highly unpopular. Henry’s desire for Catherine shrouded his judgement.
 A victim of ‘faction’.

Happy Birthday. Should help. X

Reply 41

c4pon

Not at all ready for this stupid exam.....arghhh oh well.

Good luck everyone

Reply 42

EEmperor

It went quite alright I think... Thanks juicylucy :smile:

for all the info. I talked about the Articles Acts :P

What question did everybody do? I did the Parliament one.

Reply 43

juicylucy :)

7

No problem!
I did parliament too.
I don't think it's very difficult to write about parliament to be honest and at the end of day there's only so much you can write about in an hour especially with planning on top of that!

Reply 44

imomo16

12

Um, I dont think we're allowed to talk about it yet, guys :erm:

Reply 45

discoo-x

im not sure whether i did well or not :s i did the first one, about religion and whether it was the key factor that influenced the changing power of the monarchy

on the other hand i mentioned how there were other factors that influenced it and i went into detail how the problems of succession was a factor

should have i mentioned other factors besides the succession? to be honest i think i wouldnt have been able to manage it with the time we have to write an answer

is arguing just one other factor ok? i did go into quite a bit of detail and i mentioned almost every reign, i argued how the succession effected disputes over religion (e.g. how henry wanted a divorce so he could have a son and secure the succession) and how the question over who would succeed effected the power of the monarchy will that be alright? i just need reassurance guys :s

Reply 46

9DPHC

discoo-x

im not sure whether i did well or not :s i did the first one, about religion and whether it was the key factor that influenced the changing power of the monarchy

on the other hand i mentioned how there were other factors that influenced it and i went into detail how the problems of succession was a factor

should have i mentioned other factors besides the succession? to be honest i think i wouldnt have been able to manage it with the time we have to write an answer

is arguing just one other factor ok? i did go into quite a bit of detail and i mentioned almost every reign, i argued how the succession effected disputes over religion (e.g. how henry wanted a divorce so he could have a son and secure the succession) and how the question over who would succeed effected the power of the monarchy will that be alright? i just need reassurance guys :s

yeah that sounds like a pretty solid answer. Remember it's only a 1 hour paper so they don't expect huge amounts of detail on every topic.

Edexcel A2 Unit 5: The Tudor State 1485-1603

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