Revision:Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917) - The Student Room
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Revision:Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917)

TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Revision Notes > History > Tzar Nicholas II (1894-1917)


  • Easily influenced by those around him
  • Convinced of the suitability of autocracy in Russia (therefore inflexible on political change)
  • Accepted danger fatalistically (didn’t step to change things)
  • Had little experience of gov.
  • His wife had immense influence upon him (ie: w/ Rasputin)
  • Not as firm as Alexander III his father à increased opposition
  • This led to the rise of several political movements
  • The Liberal Movement : a middle class party
  • The Social Revolutionary Party: (from Land and Liberty Party) prepared to use violence but rather utopian
  • The Social Democratic Party: Mensheviks (believed in a mass movement of workers gradually progressing towards a socialist state) and Bolsheviks (believed in revolution by a party of elite leading the workers)
  • The Revolution of 1905 (result of defeat against the Japanese in 1904-05 and Bloody Sunday)
  • General strike called
  • Czar’s uncle assassinated by Social Rev.
  • Mutinies in the armed forces
  • Setting up of a workers council (Soviet)
  • Peasants seized the land of the nobles
  • The effects:
    • The October Manifesto which granted: Freedom of Speech / a Duma (parliament)
    • The Czar made no move towards political change
    • The army remained loyal / this was not to be in 1917
    • The Duma only had limited power (couldn’t initiate constitutional change / could be suspended by the Czar)
    • The Duma was not fully democratic
    • The creation of the Duma split the opposition: Constitutional Democrats (wanted full constitutional gov.) vs. Octobrists (satisfied w/ the October Manifesto)


Perter Stolypin (1906-11) (Prime Minister)

  • Abolished payments by peasants for their gain in land from the nobles
  • Introduced low interest loans for peasants (so they could buy land)
  • Tried to establish a middle class of peasants loyal to the Czar
  • Firm against non-parliamentary opposition
  • Assassinated in Sept. 1911
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