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TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Revision Notes > History > Islam in Saudi Arabia

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• It is a monarchy (thus unlike other Moslem states)
• No constitution other than the Koran.
• Most Saudis belong to the 'Wahabite sect of Islam.
• Has the two most holy shrines in Islam: Mecca and Medina and was the home of the Prophet.

Main issues that have arisen

• Religious hierarchy is interwoven w/ the secular authority at all levels relationship hasn't always been easy.
• 1964: religious leaders challenged authority of King Saud and he was forced to abdicate.
• Issue of compatibility of new developments in technology has been problematic conservative religious leaders opposed the introduction of new technology (i.e.: radio)
• Presence of foreigners in the country (linked to the oil industry) criticism that non-Moslem foreigners could benefit from country's wealth.
• Clash of Cultures (West-Saudis) b/c as wealth increased, Saudi citizens were able to travel. Religious leaders were concerned at these contacts which might lead to "degeneration" segregation for children in school after age of nine / veil wearing for females above nine.
• Religious police - ensure that religious requirements of faith are respected by all. In periods of criticism the Gov. made use of the muttawin to restore its credentials.
• The image that the punishments of the Sharia projected in Western countries, i.e. flogging in public, cutting off hand of thief.
• Conduct of the members of the Royal family (esp. in visits to Western countries) - religious criticism.
• Profit motive/banking/education type - conflict in demands from businesses and religious leaders.
• Role of Saudi women - defined according to the Koran limits on education, restriction on employment and travel.
• Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 / Gulf War:
  • Presence in Saudi Arabia of large numbers of American troops.
  • Involved Saudi Arabia in a war against a Moslem state into alliance with non-Moslem states.

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