TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Revision Notes > History > Key European Events 1875-1900
Events to 1900
- The Balkan Revolt (1875)
- A revolt against Ottoman rule (in Bosnia and Herzegovina which spread to other part of the O.E.)
- The Turks had to accept the Treaty of San Stefano (1878) by which Bulgarian became independent (with Russian occupation for two years) and Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania gained independence. (there was no mention of Bosnia/Herzegovina.)
- The Congress of Berlin (1878) — which modified the Treaty of San Stefano
- Bulgaria reduced in size
- A.H. to occupy Bosnia/Herzegovina
- Russia kept southern Bessarabia, Kars, and Batum
- Britain gained Cyprus
- Britain guaranteed Turkey’s Asiatic frontiers / declared her right to send a fleet through the straights. (moves against Russia)
- Results of the Congress:
- Diplomatic defeat for Russia (smaller Bulgaria / British right to enter the Black Sea / now her success against the Turks did not only benefit herself)
- Defeat for A.H. (failed to preserve the O.E. / the gain of Bosnia/Herzegovina was to sow the seeds of future disaster)
- Bismarck had prevented war between the major powers, but had sided against Russia and as a result Russia turned to France in search of a more reliable ally.
- The Nationalities of the Balkans were disappointed (this meant further conflict in the region)
- After the congress diplomatic relationships began to form rival alliances (which formed the basis for sides in WWI)
The Bulgarian Crisis: (1885)
- The King of the Bulgarians (Prince Alexander of Battenburg) favoured the A.H. and angered Russia. Russia supported revolts against Prince Alexander but this caused Bulgarians to brake off diplomatic relations w/ Russia.
- G.B. and A.H. saw an independent Bulgaria as an guarantee against the spread of Russian influence.
- Russia turned her interest towards Central Asia and the Far East (w/ less conflict w/ the other Imperialist powers)
- In 1897 a Austro-Russian agreement maintained the status quo in the Middle East
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