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TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Revision Notes > Psychology > Physchological Methodology
Terms and definitions you need to know.
- Sample - Selected segment
- Random Sample - Every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
- Representative sample - A sample in which people known to possess certain characteristics are included in proportion to their numbers in the populations being studied.
- Correlation - Indication of the degree of relatedness between two variables.
- Positive Correlation - Direct relationship between two variables.
- Negative Correlation - Indirect relationship between two variables.
- Correlation Study - Assess the relationship between already existing variables.
- Surveys - Information about people is obtained by asking them all the same questions.
- Case Study - Intensive investigation of one or a few individuals, usually with reference to a single psychological phenomenon.
- Naturalistic Observation - Observe and record behavior in natural setting.
- Participant Observation - Members of a research team actually join an existing group to record events and impression that are accessible only to group members.
- Descriptive Statistics - Summarize data collected for a sample population.
- Central Tendency - Mean/Median/Mode/Range/Normal Distribution/Standard Deviation/Variance.
- Correlation Coefficients - [-1,1]
- Statistical Significant - Probability that results are due to chance.
- Double Blind - Neither the experimenter nor subjects know which subjects belong to the experimental group and which belong to the control group.
- Demand Characteristics - Subject responding in a way that seems to be demanded by the situation.
- External Validity - Can be generalized to the public
- Internal Validity - Results caused by independent variable
- Emic Approach - One culture.
- Etic Approach - Generalization.
- Longitudinal - Over time.
- Experiment - Cause/effect, study NO
- Cross-sectional - Multi-demographics
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