Revision:Protein Synthesis

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Protein Synthesis

DNA in the nucleus codes for the joining of amino acids in a certain order to produce specific proteins.

The sequence of amino acids determines the type of protein that is made.

In RNA uracil is found instead of thymine.

Complementary bases: A and T (or A and U), C and G.

Triplet Code

There are about 20 different amino acids.

Three bases are needed to code for an amino acid (triplet code).

These three bases together are known as a codon.

The sequence of bases is always read in one particular direction.

Each amino acid has a different codon:

• CAA stands for the amino acid valine

• TTT stands for the amino acid lysine

• CCC stands for the amino acid glycine

• GAA stands for the amino acid leucine

There are also three codes for stopping the formation of an amino acid chain.

These are UAA, UAC, or UGA.

Genes and Genomes

A length of DNA which codes for the whole of one protein is called a gene.

The total set of genes in a cell is called the genome.

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