Revision:Towns in Transition - Introduction

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• 300 - 800 massive change, A.H.M Jones aggregate of cities” classical urban model different between cities. Static or monolithic image of city no coherence yes.
• Expression central authority and private patronage array of institutions and monuments, amenities and services, streets ad walls, baths sewers, active urban society
• 3^rd century onwards this semblance begins to disappear 0 few regions towns disappear altogether 0 majority of centres endured, looked different Islam and Christianity major structural reorganisations, need for security and risk of attack led to walls and citadels. Religious buildings dominate urban landscape accompanying decline public and private expenditure on urban monuments encouraged slow but steady erosion of civic monuments
• Functions of town differ
• Byzantium Empire- successor sates exploit Roman legacy, later than in the west.
• New towns developed on frontiers - like Dorestad. Distinction between homogeneity 4^th century and 8^th century variegated forms of urban life not too sharply but transition has taken place.

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