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TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Revision Notes > Anthropology > Tropical Horticulturalists (Tsembaga Maring and Trobrianders)
Horticulture- a method of subsistence based on growing crops with simple tools and technologies.
Slash & burn- a form of horticulture in which a plot of land is cultivated for some years and then is cut, left to dry and then burned, providing a little fertilisation and clears the plot of weeds. It is returned to after a period of time.
Swidden - a garden cultivated by the slash and burn technique.
- They are gardeners/farmers; they cultivate the land and grow their crops in "gardens"
- They live in the tropics (equator), also found in South America, Asia and Africa.
- They have territory; which gives rise to hierarchy/status/ power/control
- Domesticate and raise small-food animals (chickens, pigs etc.)
- Live in big groups
- No chemical fertilisers used/ shifting cultivation & slash and burn used.
- They are sedentary and work more than H & G
- They are not egalitarian and warfare is common between villages over territory.
- Aggressive/male dominated
Pastoralists - (Karimojong)
Pastoralists- those who practice a method of subsistence based on herd animals.
Nomads- Pastoralists who travel constantly throughout the year within a large area, to provide their animals with grazing land.
- Not sedentary; nomadic (usually move with the changes of the seasons)
- Two types: Desert- Northern Africa, Middle East
- Pasture - Mongolia, South America
- Small and large food animals (e.g. horses, camels, chickens, cows)
- Caravans; animals such as horses and camels used for transport
- Food- cattle, goats etc
- They cultivate, they can be sedentary for up to 6 months.
- Nomadic groups are organised into the wider community; i.e. they form alliances with other groups- marriage
- trade and exchange
- cattle herding
- They are reasonably egalitarian but there is stratification (hierarchy)_ based on age, gender, knowledge.
- Kinship forms the basis of society
- Society is formed around cattle/animals- rituals, duties and roles all closely related to animal husbandry
- They have a comprehensive knowledge of animal husbandry and their surrounding environment.
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