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• Revision:Urban Morphology

TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Revision Notes > Geography > Urban Morphology

• This is the distribution of different functions in a city

The Bid-rent Theory

• The Bid Rent Theory suggests different functions will bid differently for land in various parts of the city.
• It suggests the more accessible the site of land, the higher is its value.

Bid Rent Theory Diagram needed.

Factors Influencing Land Values

• Proximity to a secondary shopping center.
• Local Site Characteristics
• Government Policy
• Security

Functional Zones Within a City

• The CBD is the central, most accessible, most expensive part of a city
• The Inner City is the area immediately surrounding the CBD. It has adverse social and economic conditions
• The Industrial Zone
• The Residential Zones. These are divided in 3 groups:
  1. Low Income: 1st generation immigrants and poorer groups.
  2. Middle Income: 2nd generation immigrants, and wealthier groups.
  3. High Class Residential: The wealthiest groups

The Models of Urban Structure

• There are three basic models of urban structure

The Burgess Concentric Model

• Burgess developed his model in 1924 based on a study of Chicago city
• He arranged the zones in concentric circles around the CBD as shown in the diagram.
• Land Values Decrease outward from the CBD.

Burgess Concentric Model Diagram needed.

Hoyts Sector Model

• Homer Hoyt proposed The model in 1939
• It was based on a study of 142 American cities
• It arranges the zones in sectors radiating from the CBD

Hoyt's Sector Model Diagram needed.

Peter Mann's Model of a Typical British City

• Peter Mann took Hoyt's and Burgess's models and combined them in his model of a typical British City in 1965.
• He based his model on studies of Sheffield, Nottingham and Huddersfield.
• The Multi-Nuclei Theory
• This theory was proposed by Ullmann and Harris in 1945.
• It suggests that a city may have more than one nuclei/center apart from the CBD from which zones develop as shown in the diagram.

Multi Nuclei Theory Diagram

The Urban Field

• The Urban field is the region economically and socially linked to a city.
• It is also referred to as
  • Urban Regions:The commuter villages/communities dependent on large towns
  • Functional Regions:The regions to/from which a city exports and imports.
  • Hinterland:The area served by a seaport

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