Revision:Urban Morphology - The Student Room
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Revision:Urban Morphology

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  • This is the distribution of different functions in a city


Contents

The Bid-rent Theory

  • The Bid Rent Theory suggests different functions will bid differently for land in various parts of the city.
  • It suggests the more accessible the site of land, the higher is its value.


Bid Rent Theory Diagram needed.


Factors Influencing Land Values

  • Proximity to a secondary shopping center.
  • Local Site Characteristics
  • Government Policy
  • Security


Functional Zones Within a City

  • The CBD is the central, most accessible, most expensive part of a city
  • The Inner City is the area immediately surrounding the CBD. It has adverse social and economic conditions
  • The Industrial Zone
  • The Residential Zones. These are divided in 3 groups:
    1. Low Income: 1st generation immigrants and poorer groups.
    2. Middle Income: 2nd generation immigrants, and wealthier groups.
    3. High Class Residential: The wealthiest groups


The Models of Urban Structure

  • There are three basic models of urban structure

The Burgess Concentric Model

  • Burgess developed his model in 1924 based on a study of Chicago city
  • He arranged the zones in concentric circles around the CBD as shown in the diagram.
  • Land Values Decrease outward from the CBD.


Burgess Concentric Model Diagram needed.


Hoyts Sector Model

  • Homer Hoyt proposed The model in 1939
  • It was based on a study of 142 American cities
  • It arranges the zones in sectors radiating from the CBD


Hoyt's Sector Model Diagram needed.


Peter Mann's Model of a Typical British City

  • Peter Mann took Hoyt's and Burgess's models and combined them in his model of a typical British City in 1965.
  • He based his model on studies of Sheffield, Nottingham and Huddersfield.
  • The Multi-Nuclei Theory
  • This theory was proposed by Ullmann and Harris in 1945.
  • It suggests that a city may have more than one nuclei/center apart from the CBD from which zones develop as shown in the diagram.


Multi Nuclei Theory Diagram


The Urban Field

  • The Urban field is the region economically and socially linked to a city.
  • It is also referred to as
    • Urban Regions:The commuter villages/communities dependent on large towns
    • Functional Regions:The regions to/from which a city exports and imports.
    • Hinterland:The area served by a seaport


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