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STEP I 2004 question 1 solution

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TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Mathematics > STEP > STEP I 2004 question 1 solution


 (3 + 2 \sqrt{5} )^{3} \\ = (3 + 2 \sqrt{5})(3 + 2 \sqrt{5})^{2} \\ = (3 + 2 \sqrt{5})(9 + 12 \sqrt{5} + 20) \\ = (3 + 2 \sqrt{5})(29 + 12 \sqrt{5}) \\ = 87 + 36 \sqrt{5} + 58 \sqrt{5} + 120 \\ = 207 + 94 \sqrt{5} .

 (c - d \sqrt{2})^{3} \\ = (c - d \sqrt{2})(c - d \sqrt{2})^{2} \\ = (c - d \sqrt{2})((c^{2} + 2d^{2}) - 2cd \sqrt{2}) \\ = \left[ c(c^{2} + 6d^{2}) \right] - \left[ d(3c^{2} + 2d^{2} \right] \sqrt{2}

At this moment in the solution it is helpful that  c, \ d \in \mathbb{Z} ^{+} , as a solution can be spotted:

 c(c^{2} + 6d^{2}) = 99

Hence, "c" being "3" seems like a sensible choice:

 c = 3 \implies d = 2

Hence:

 3 - 2 \sqrt{2} = \sqrt[3]{ 99 - 70 \sqrt{2} } .

 x^{6} - 198x^{3} + 1 = 0 = (x^{3})^{2} - 198x^{3} + 1

Hence:

 x^{3} = \frac{198 \pm \sqrt{198^{2} - 4}}{2} = \frac{198 \pm \sqrt{39200}}{2} = 99 \pm \sqrt{9800} = 99 \pm 70 \sqrt{2}

 x^{3} = 90 - 70 \sqrt{2} \implies x = 3 - 2 \sqrt{2} .

Now consider that:

 (c + d \sqrt{2})^{3} = \left[ c(c^{2} + 6d^{2}) \right] + \left[ d(3c^{2} + 2d^{2} \right] \sqrt{2} , hence:

 x = 3 + 2 \sqrt{2} .

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