OCR AS - Chemistry Unit F322 - Chains, energy and resource - REVISION!

Carbon Capture and Storage is the removal of waste carbon dioxide. Decarbonised fuels where hydrocarbons are reacted with water to produce CO2 and H2 are used. CO2 is then siphoned off under ground deep in the sea beds where oil drills used to be, which then pushed up any excess oil. Or CO2 can be "scrubbed". CO2 reacts with Metal Oxides to produce unreactive Metal Carbonates

If it comes up in a question like "Suggest how scientists are trying to minimise the effect of global warming." then you'll get one mark for mentioning Carbon Capture and Storage, and 2 marks for the examples given above. You can also mention finding a use for carbon dioxide such as fizzy drinks (Yes it actually gets you the mark!) and decaffeinated coffee. Then you'll want to mention the Kyoto agreement in which all of the countries that signed up pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 2012 or pay a carbon tax. You could also say about how scientists are keeping the government informed, educating schools about climate change, and monitoring the effects of global warming. Finally, you should mention that scientists are assessing the impacts of CO2 increasing.

Hope that helps

EDIT: As you mentioned the decarbonised fuel equations:

C4H8 + 8H2O -> 4CO2 + 12H2

Just as an example I'd remember it incase it comes up!

how does the infrared being absorbed by bond contribute to global warming?
is it because the radiation will be re-emitted as heat & therefore contribute to the global warming?

how does the infrared being absorbed by bond contribute to global warming?
is it because the radiation will be re-emitted as heat & therefore contribute to the global warming?

oh dear, fingers crossed for tomorrow then! have you done all the past papers?

Crap book is crap.

erm.. a positively charged species that is attracted to a negatively charged species. Or something like that. I'd probably write delta-positive/delta-negative in the exam.

Define the term isomer.

Yeah, I have done all the papers probably at least 5/6 times each plus some of the old spec papers. I have been going through the specification, I really comes down the exam tommorow and how nice the paper. To make things worse I have come down with a cold.

how do you work out the enthalpy change of a reaction if you are given bond enthalpies?

You should be given the structure of the reacting chemicals if this is the case. You basically work out the enthalpy change caused by all the bonds breaking on the left hand side of the molecules. Then, work out the enthalpy change of forming the bonds on the right hand side, and subtract this figure from the first you worked out. Use the values in the table you should be given, and dont change signs for each of these two calculations. They should be positive, as it requires energy to break bonds. Hope you understand this a bit better now...

http://chemnotes.org.uk/f322.html

this page got some good revision notes

thankyouu, what do you mean by "Decarbonised fuels where hydrocarbons are reacted with water to produce CO2 and H2 are used."

Heyy can someone please check these let me know if ive missed reactions or if any are wrong....

Cracking...Zeolite catalyst...at 450 deg
Isomerisation...Zeolite catalyst
Reforming...Platinum and another metal as the catalysts
Hydrogenation...Nickle catalyst...at 150 deg
Hydration...H3PO4 catalyst...at 300 deg...60 atm
Fermentation...Yeast...at 37 deg
Dehydration...Conc H2SOR or H3PO4 and reflux
Haber Process...Iron catalyst...400-500deg ...200 atm
Radical polymerisation...200deg and high pressures
Ziegler-Natta...TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)2 at 60 deg

can anyone tell me about the mechanisms please? Confusing me so much.

Like what's the difference between electrophillic/neutrophillic substitution/addition/elimination??

And how to work it out? Thanks!!

Thanks! i was subtracting them the wrong way round

Do we even need to know the last one??