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There are no 'side effects' in having a "painless childbirth" characteristic.
For example, if the method by which the individual gains the ability to have painless childbirth leads to still born babies, this would be selected against.
I.E. there would be more chance of genetic information being passed on via a "painful childbirth" which produces a living baby than a "painless childbirth" which produces a dead baby (in which case the chance would be 0)
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You have the 'painless childbirth' characteristic in the population to start with!
Natural selection is relative. It works by comparing one allele with another and seeing which is more likely to lead to the production of more offspring of the same species. In a population (such as ours) where all natural childbirths are painful, there are no painless childbirth alleles to be naturally selected over them.
This allele could only come into being in two ways, a mutation or genetic engineering. Pregnancy and childbirth is a complicated process which results from a variety of different genes, and for there to be a mutation that occurs that removes the pain of childbirth, while still maintaining the chance of the offspring surviving, there would probably have to be several mutations in many different genes (and it needs to be the correct mutation too, I.E. a specific change needs to occur to the gene, as opposed to any old change), which is statistically improbable and could take an awfully long time to occur naturally. However by manual manipulation of the DNA (genetic engineering) one can attempt to remove the pain from pregnancy, however that assumes our understanding of the way DNA works is full, since we may inadvertently remove the pain from pregnancy but in doing so, also cause harm to the baby, or even prevent a living baby from being produced, which again would be something that is selected against in a population.
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