Chemistry primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols & halogenalkane making, testing.

A few question guys =)
1. How would you make aldheyde from a primary alcohol, and not make a carboxylic acids instead.
2. How would make a carboxylic acid from primary alcohol.
3. what is the difference in making a aldheyde and carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol.
4. How can you test for an aldeyhide, carboxylic acid and a ketone.

I know that you can use sliver nitrate to test for halogenalkanes, but how do test to see if they are primary, secondary or tertiary halogenalkanes.

thanks in advance =)

1) An aldehyde is made by heating under distillation . You react the primary alcohol with the oxidising agent (potassium dichromate with sulphuric acid). Collect product in a beaker.

2) Basically the same as above, however you are using a reflux condenser as opposed to a distillation apparatus. Heat of course.

3) Difference? Your heating under distillation when obtaining the aldehyde, however you are heating under reflux when obtaining the carboxylic acid.

Test for aldehyde: Add fehlings solution. A brick red precipitate indicates an aldehyde is present.

Test for ketone: run the same test as above, however no reaction will occur as the fehlings solution does not react with the ketone (more specifically, doesn't react with the C=O bond), hence the solution remains blue. (which is the colour of the fehlings solution)

Hi, thanks
Could you say that for the carboxylic acids, you could use concentarted H₂SO₂ and K₂Cr₂O₇ aswell and heat for a longer time?

What about the last question about primary, secondary and tertiary halogenalkanes?