Backbench MPs essay
To some extent Backbench MP’s are highly influential particularly due to the current government being a coalition.
Firstly, Every bill must pass through the house of commons in which the government ( prime minister mainly) needs support to pass a bill. An MP can support the bill & vote for it or raise issues and vote against it. For example, Blairs first defeat in 2005 over his terrorism bill was extensively covered in the media highlighting the influence MP’s have.
Usually, the government has a majority and can pass a bill easily. However, Backbench MPS have more of an influence because Liberal and Conservative MPs are rebelling 1 in 2 votes- more significantly, they are rebelling on different issues. Perhaps the threat of the whip system is not as prominent. The 2010 government is the most rebellious since 1945.
Since the government is the most rebellious it is unlikely that David Cameron can use his prime ministerial powers and ‘sack’ them all. His deputy prime minister also, has a high impetus on the ‘sacking’, ‘hiring’ and reshuffling of MPs. To highlight the rebellion and influence of Back bench MPS, David Nattall voted against the whip 54 times. The threat of promotion and loyalty which is potently associate with Conservative ideology is limited, there is less opportunities or chances of receiving promotion. Therefore, the threat of the ‘whip’ has gradually lost its prominence in back bench MPs.
Backbench MP’s can influence the government through private member bills in which they propose bills. Conservative Peter Bone suggested whips are talent and would be better deployed as ministers. Whips are limited in their influence and he sates they undermine MP’s independence. In an attempt to increase the power of individual MPS peter bone suggested the abolishment of the Whip system in a private member bill. However, the influence of MP’s in private member bills is limited as the majority of them run out of time like Peter Bones. However, to some extent they are successful in influencing the government as a private member bill was successful in 2012- the scrap metal bill. The sanctions on the Backbench Powers are considerably high here, most of them run out of time and therefore, the influence they have with policy can be limited.
Backbench MPs also have influence through questions to ministers. They can ask ministers questions and more importantly, hold them to account in the house. This can be seen through MP Conor Burns MP (2012) telling Foreign Secretary, William Hague to pressurise Russia over it’s support for Syria’s president. Contrary, MP’s have limited influence as ministers are usually well briefed ans have the support of the Prime Minister.
Backbench MP’s can also use their influence in Adjournments Debates. This allows MPs to raise an issue and receive a direct response from Ministers. For example, Hazel Bears in 2013, raised the issue of access to post graduate study at Oxford. This highlights that MPs can use there influence to raise common issues. However, this power is limited as Ministers need not act on the issues raised and perhaps these Adjournment debates are simply opportunities for MPS to satisfy their constituencies.
Furthermore, many MPs have shown influence as they work on parliamentary committees and this oversees the work of the government. They check and report on areas ranging from the work of departments to economic affairs.
Backbench MP’s on select committees can influence the government through the media. Select committees consist of ordinary backbench MPs. They have the reputation for publishing critical reports and these reports are covered by the media. The hearings with regard to the select committees are broadcasted which influence the government as they make ‘good’ but more importantly cheap television. For example. In April 2005, the education select committee published a critical report on the teaching of reading highlighting that phonic learning was a failure. The government was heavily criticised for the findings of phonics and on the 1st of December 2005, the government announced that phonics would be a core method and would be improved.
However, the threat of disloyalty and disobeying the party has some impact on the way in which MP’s act. Disloyalty does lead to sanctions. For example, Labour MP Ken Livingstone thrown out his party for ‘rebellious acts’.
From setting up Cameron’s Coaltion, May 2010- Feb. 2011 there was more rebellions then that of Blairs government from (1997-2001). The total amount of rebellions reach 97 in the first nine months. For example, in Feb. 2011 both conservative and Liberal Democratic MP’s rebelled over plans to sell Britain’s forest to private companies.
Back bench MPs can also exercise their influence through Early Day Motions. This allows MP’s to publicise an issue. For example, George Campell MP commended rangers and encouraged the SFA to promote “ competitive and Attractive football”. However the influence of MP’s with regard to Early Day Motions is limited. The government need not act and it does not have a huge impact unless some scandal is noted.
More so, the select committees are highly influential, maybe even more so due to the Coalition. For example, the health select committee criticised the Lansley Reforms heavily. Even though the government must ‘note’ reports the influence is limited as they need not act.
It is important to note that the Prime Minister needs Back Bench MPs extensively. Voters may like MP’s that are able to voice opinions but they do not like a divided party. Without the support of his/her cabinet the Prime Minister is limited in the amount of actions he can do. Eg. April 2009 Gordon Browns plans to limit the number of Ghurkhas who can settle in Britain was defeated.
Therefore, even though the Prime Minister can make decisions on his own like for example the 2009 Budget in which Blair and Brown were a ‘two head’ party. The importance of Back bench MPS is extensively obvious.