Original post by ash92:)It would've been easier for you to edit the post rather than re-post. I request that when you provide a hadeeth you state a)the narrator and b)collection of ahadeeth it is recorded in - I'm not a muhaddith, I haven't memorised thousands of ahadeeth, their isnads, and the verification of them.
OK, so now we have a proper question/discussion proposed. To point out this single hadeeth by itself is portraying the sunnah as an atrocity and cruelty. But that is the weakness of such conclusions from people that do not study ahadeeth. Whenever one does conclude from a hadeeth, he must seek to find dischord in any other hadeeth, and then seek to distinguish the reason for this - eg 2 hadeeth, both authenticated yet seem to contradict, find out why there is a difference.
Now this hadeeth is recorded once each in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. However, it is recorded only on the authority of one narrator, Sab bin Jaththama. It seems contrary to others, such as:
Sahih Muslim Book 19. Jihad and Expedition Hadith Number 4294.
It has been reported from Sulaiman b. Buraid through his father that when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) appointed anyone as leader of an army or detachment he would especially exhort him to fear Allah and to be good to the Muslims who were with him. He would say: Fight in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. Fight against those who disbelieve in Allah. Make a holy war, do not embezzle the spoils ; do not break your pledge; and do not mutilate (the dead) bodies; do not kill the children. When you meet your enemies who are polytheists, invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withhold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them. Then invite them to migrate from their lands to the land of Muhairs and inform them that, if they do so, they shall have all the privileges and obligations of the Muhajirs. If they refuse to migrate, tell them that they will have the status of Bedouin Muslims and will be subjected to the Commands of Allah like other Muslims, but they will not get any share from the spoils of war or Fai' except when they actually fight with the Muslims (against the disbelievers). If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah's help and fight them. When you lay siege to a fort and the besieged appeal to you for protection in the name of Allah and His Prophet, do not accord to them the guarantee of Allah and His Prophet, but accord to them your own guarantee and the guarantee of your companions for it is a lesser sin that the security given by you or your companions be disregarded than that the security granted in the name of Allah and His Prophet be violated When you besiege a fort and the besieged want you to let them out in accordance with Allah's Command, do not let them come out in accordance with His Command, but do so at your (own) command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah's behest with regard to them.
Sahih Bukhari Volume 004, Book 052, Hadith Number 258.
Narated By Ibn 'Umar : During some of the Ghazawat of Allah's Apostle a woman was found killed, so Allah's Apostle forbade the killing of women and children.
Sahih Muslim Book 019, Hadith Number 4319.
It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah that a woman was found killed in one of the battles fought by the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He disapproved of the killing of women and children.
Sahih Muslim Book 019, Hadith Number 4320.
It is narrated by Ibn 'Umar that a woman was found killed in one of these battles; so the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) forbade the killing of women and children.
So then why is this seemingly contradictory?
- A hadeeth is a recorded statement. A statement is said in a certain situation, not all statements are applicable to all situations.
- Imam Ibn Hajar Al Asaqalani says in Fath Al- Baari that the point is not to target the women and children intentionally but if there is absolutely no other way to kill the enemy than by injuring the women and children because they are mixed with the men then there is no other choice (of course being in the state of war)
[Ibn Hajar Al Asqalani's Fathul Bari, Kitab: Al Jihad wal Sayr, Bab: Ahlul Daar Yabeetoon Fa Yusaab Al Waldaan wal Zharaari, Commentary on Hadith no. 2790]
He also seems to have said that another possibility is that the hadith has been abrogated (cannot be ruled out as their is only one narrator/isnad) and that even if women and children accompany the enemy during war then they still should not be killed.
- Imam Nawawi says in his tafseer of Saheeh Muslim that women and children are only killed only if they cannot be distinguished. But because it was so dark and they could not be distinguished, the Muslims had not choice (in the state of war). [Imam Nawawi's Sharh Saheeh Muslim, Kitab: Al Jihad wal Sayr, Bab: Jawaz Qatl Al Nisaa' wal Sabyaan fi Al Biyaat Min Ghayr Ta'amud, Commentary on Hadith no. 3281]
In fact:
Sahih Bukhari Volume 005, Book 059, Hadith Number 510.
Narrated By Anas : Allah's Apostle reached Khaibar at night and it was his habit that, whenever he reached the enemy at night, he will not attack them till it was morning. When it was morning, the Jews came out with their spades and baskets, and when they saw him(i.e. the Prophet), they said, "Muhammad! By Allah! Muhammad and his army!" The Prophet said, "Khaibar is destroyed, for whenever we approach a (hostile) nation (to fight), then evil will be the morning for those who have been warned."
and:
Saheeh Muslim Book 004, Hadith Number 0745.
Chapter : There can be two pronouncers of Adhan for one mosque.
Anas b. Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to attack the enemy when it was dawn. He would listen to the Adhan; so if he heard an Adhan, he stopped, otherwise made an attack. Once on hearing a man say: Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) remarked: He is following al-Fitra (al-Islam). Then hearing him say: I testify that there is no god but Allah. there is no god but Allah, the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: You have come out of the Fire (of Hell). They looked at him and found that he was a goatherd.
This shows that if the difficulty was distinguishing the children/women from the men in the tents at night, Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم made efforts to prevent the consequences of the confusion.
Of course, nowadays we have electricity for light, as well as night-vision goggles, etc. so it is to be maintained that children and women are not attacked in war.
I hope you found this to be satisfactory as an answer to your question.