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Reply 560
Original post by Ché.
Yes, yes!
I am up for it...
:biggrin::smile::wink:


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Define the term antigen (2)
Reply 561
Original post by BioGeek
Define the term antigen (2)


Antigen:
"A toxin or other foreign substance on the surface of the cell that activates an immune response in the body producing antibodies."


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For antigens can't you just say ''molecules that stimulate an an immune response''
Can some explain species evenness

As in the ey things we need to know
Reply 564
Any1 up for revision? :biggrin:


Original post by Danny786
For antigens can't you just say ''molecules that stimulate an an immune response''


Nope,

A good answer is, a protein molecule which in on the surface of a pathogen which stimulates an immune response.

Original post by Ché.
Antigen:
"A toxin or other foreign substance on the surface of the cell that activates an immune response in the body producing antibodies."

2/2

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Original post by BioGeek
Any1 up for revision? :biggrin:


i am
Reply 566
Original post by Danny786
For antigens can't you just say ''molecules that stimulate an an immune response''


That absolutely correct!
However... For the full two marks, you might need to include more of the topic-specific vocabulary - surface, the production of antibodies as that's its function really.
I have a thing where I write in full sentences almost all the time; since my discovery the QWC marks, I always have!
Marks count!
LOL. :smile:


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(edited 10 years ago)
Reply 567
Ask me a question please
Reply 568
Original post by BioGeek
Any1 up for revision? :biggrin:




Nope,

A good answer is, a protein molecule which in on the surface of a pathogen which stimulates an immune response.


I have one for you guys...
Get your long answer heads on!

"One of the symptoms of smoking is the development of a smokers cough.
Explain how smoking causes a smoker's cough AND how the cough itself can lead to further problems with the lungs over a long period of time. (7)."


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Reply 569
Original post by BioGeek
Ask me a question please


"Describe the role of memory cells when the Influenza virus enters the body."
(3).


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Reply 570
Original post by BioGeek
Ask me a question please


Explain how smoking can lead to thrombosis or a Stroke. (6 marks)
Reply 572
Original post by Ché.
"Describe the role of memory cells when the Influenza virus enters the body."
(3).

.


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Memory cells circulate in the blood.
Memory cells provide immunological memory to a particular antigen.
Memory cells can differentiate into plasma cells to secrete antibodies

Original post by the A* guy
Explain how smoking can lead to thrombosis or a Stroke. (6 marks)


Smoking contains nicotine.
Nicotine causes platelets to become sticky.
If the membrane that covers the plaque is damaged
Red blood cells begin to stick to the exposed fatty deposits
A blood clot then forms and is known as thrombus.
This constricts the lumen of the artery.
This reduces the oxygen uptake in the blood.
Less oxygen is received at the brain.
Which causes a stroke.
Reply 573
Original post by the A* guy
Explain how smoking can lead to thrombosis or a Stroke. (6 marks)


Can you post the model answer to that question please?
Thanks :biggrin:
Reply 574
How much do I need for A if i got C in unit 1 abd 39/40 for practical

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Reply 575
Original post by Ché.
I have one for you guys...
Get your long answer heads on!

"One of the symptoms of smoking is the development of a smokers cough.
Explain how smoking causes a smoker's cough AND how the cough itself can lead to further problems with the lungs over a long period of time. (7)."


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Smoking contains tar.
Tar accumulates in the trachea.
Paralyses the cilia.
Cilia can no longer waft mucus out of the trachea.
Goblet cells over produce mucus.
Mucus accumulates in the trachea.
This provides opportunistic infections to occur.
As it provides optimum conditions for bacteria grow.
This is known as chronic bronchitis.


Over secretion of mucus also causes...
triggers an immune response.
This leads to a neutrophil
secreting an enzyme known as elastase.
This digests the elastic fibers surrounding the alevoli
Alveolar can longer recoil back during expiration.
Causes them to burst
Reduced surface area.
Shortness of breath.
Original post by Ché.
"Describe the role of memory cells when the Influenza virus enters the body."
(3).


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Memory cells (specifically the B memory cells) release antibodies, the memory cells circulate around the whole body in blood , in order for the antibodies to attach to the antigen of the virus to prevent the pathogen from entering the host cell. More antibodies make causes the secondary response , as more antibodies are made.
Reply 577
I got 70 ums for f211 and 34/40 for the practical, could anyone help me find out what raw marks I need for an A or a B please :biggrin:
Original post by BioGeek
Define the term antigen (2)


Antigen are molecules that are found on the cell surface of the pathogen that cause the specific disease.
Original post by BioGeek
Can you post the model answer to that question please?
Thanks :biggrin:


what you said is the model answer.

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