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OCR Gateway Biology B4B5B6 - 10/06/13

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Original post by L'Evil Fish
Oh my god :lol:

I'll start :wink:

What are the stages of DNA fingerprinting?


Fine then :frown:

Okay so first you want to extract a DNA sample from some human tissue like blood...
Then you want to use some restriction enzymes to cut up the DNA strand into fragments...
THEN you will separate your DNA fragments using electrophoresis...
Finally you will use a radioactive probe to visualise the DNA pattern and you can then compare this pattern to other DNA fingerprints and therefore conclude whether two DNA samples belong to the same person.

AND FOR THAT I'M GOING TO ASK YOU ABOUT THE KIDNEYS

Explain in detail the three stages that take place in the kidneys :smile:
Original post by NatashaG
Fine then :frown:

Okay so first you want to extract a DNA sample from some human tissue like blood...
Then you want to use some restriction enzymes to cut up the DNA strand into fragments...
THEN you will separate your DNA fragments using electrophoresis...
Finally you will use a radioactive probe to visualise the DNA pattern and you can then compare this pattern to other DNA fingerprints and therefore conclude whether two DNA samples belong to the same person.

AND FOR THAT I'M GOING TO ASK YOU ABOUT THE KIDNEYS

Explain in detail the three stages that take place in the kidneys :smile:


Yeah, you're right :wink:

Kidneys... Hmmm... I'm gonna sound stupid now..

Does that monitor water content? Or urine? Or both?:frown:

I'm gonna fail biology :rofl:
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Yeah, you're right :wink:

Kidneys... Hmmm... I'm gonna sound stupid now..

Does that monitor water content? Or urine? Or both?:frown:

I'm gonna fail biology :rofl:



Controls water concentration in the blood, and glucose levels also gets rid of urea from the blood...nice (Y)
Original post by NatashaG
Controls water concentration in the blood, and glucose levels also gets rid of urea from the blood...nice (Y)


Aah, so the pituitary gland releases the hormone which regulates the softness of the intestines which controls how much it absorbs?
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Aah, so the pituitary gland releases the hormone which regulates the softness of the intestines which controls how much it absorbs?


almost the hormone it releases is called ADH and it increases the permeability of the renal tubes, so that it re-absorbs more water back into the blood-stream after going through the kidneys, so say you are really hydrated ADH is not released as much so the renal tubes aren't as permeable therefore more water goes into the bladder and not reabsorbed into the renal vein...so that's why you need to go to the toilet more...grim..
Original post by NatashaG
almost the hormone it releases is called ADH and it increases the permeability of the renal tubes, so that it re-absorbs more water back into the blood-stream after going through the kidneys, so say you are really hydrated ADH is not released as much so the renal tubes aren't as permeable therefore more water goes into the bladder and not reabsorbed into the renal vein...so that's why you need to go to the toilet more...grim..


Aah, okay! Got it...

Name and explain 2 factors that affect transpiration?:dontknow:
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Aah, okay! Got it...

Name and explain 2 factors that affect transpiration?:dontknow:


yay plants! ¬¬
Increased light intensity makes the stomata open up so transpiration increases and an increase in temperature makes the water molecules move more which therefore increases the rate of transpiration

hmm explain what happens during an asthma attack?
Original post by NatashaG
yay plants! ¬¬
Increased light intensity makes the stomata open up so transpiration increases and an increase in temperature makes the water molecules move more which therefore increases the rate of transpiration

hmm explain what happens during an asthma attack?


Airways constrict, making it difficult to breathe :tongue: linings inflame... Some liquid build up! Can't breathe :zomg:

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Airways constrict, making it difficult to breathe :tongue: linings inflame... Some liquid build up! Can't breathe :zomg:

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?


They have a large surface area
ermmm good blood supply?
and there's another one...oghikfnr
permeable surface!


what are some methods of food preservation??
(edited 10 years ago)
Original post by NatashaG
They have a large surface area
ermmm good blood supply?
and there's another one...oghikfnr
permeable surface!


what are some methods of food preservation??


Tinning - stops microbes getting in
Freezer/Cooling - temp too low to reproduce
Salt - draws water out of them
Dried containers? - Like no humidity to reproduce

What 4 nutrients to plants need and why?
(edited 10 years ago)
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Tinning - stops microbes getting in
Freezer/Cooling - temp too low to reproduce
Salt - draws water out of them
Dried containers? - Like no humidity to reproduce

What 4 nutrients to plants need and why?


Magnesium - To make chlorophyll for photosythesis
Nitrogen - To make amino acids that are converted into proteins for growth and repair
Phosphates- To make DNA for growth
Potassium - something to do with flower + fruit growth and also enzymes for respiration

advantages and disadvantages of hydroponics?
Original post by NatashaG
Magnesium - To make chlorophyll for photosythesis
Nitrogen - To make amino acids that are converted into proteins for growth and repair
Phosphates- To make DNA for growth
Potassium - something to do with flower + fruit growth and also enzymes for respiration

advantages and disadvantages of hydroponics?


Advantages:
Easy to control nutrients
Smaller space?

Disadvantage:
Lots of nutrients needed
No soil to anchor roots in

Explain the menstruation cycle :h: with hormones and all :mmm:
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Advantages:
Easy to control nutrients
Smaller space?

Disadvantage:
Lots of nutrients needed
No soil to anchor roots in

Explain the menstruation cycle :h: with hormones and all :mmm:


:zomg::zomg:

So day 1 lining breaks away and then FSH is released from brain which signals to the ovaries for an egg to ripen and also makes oestrogen to start being released from ovaries, oestrogen makes lining of womb build up again, then on day 14 LH is released from brain which signals for an egg to be released from the ovaries, oestrogen levels fall and now progesterone is released from ovaries which keeps the lining in place then after no fertilisation progesterone stops being released so lining breaks away at day 1 again.....PHEW

okay so how to amoebas control water content in their cytoplasm?
Original post by NatashaG
:zomg::zomg:

So day 1 lining breaks away and then FSH is released from brain which signals to the ovaries for an egg to ripen and also makes oestrogen to start being released from ovaries, oestrogen makes lining of womb build up again, then on day 14 LH is released from brain which signals for an egg to be released from the ovaries, oestrogen levels fall and now progesterone is released from ovaries which keeps the lining in place then after no fertilisation progesterone stops being released so lining breaks away at day 1 again.....PHEW

okay so how to amoebas control water content in their cytoplasm?


Haha

Vacuole empties it out?

How is beer made?:mmm:
Original post by NatashaG
:zomg::zomg:

So day 1 lining breaks away and then FSH is released from brain which signals to the ovaries for an egg to ripen and also makes oestrogen to start being released from ovaries, oestrogen makes lining of womb build up again, then on day 14 LH is released from brain which signals for an egg to be released from the ovaries, oestrogen levels fall and now progesterone is released from ovaries which keeps the lining in place then after no fertilisation progesterone stops being released so lining breaks away at day 1 again.....PHEW

okay so how to amoebas control water content in their cytoplasm?


Haha

Vacuole empties it out, when it's too high...?

How is beer made?:mmm:
Hey...are you guys sure there is no 10 mmarks questrions? bz usually there's just 6 marks questions...
any suggestions on what the 6 marks questions may b about??? :smile:
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Haha

Vacuole empties it out, when it's too high...?

How is beer made?:mmm:


Beer is made through fermentation

Glusoce ---> Alcoholand carbon dioxide
Lookat B6
Original post by 123..help me
Hey...are you guys sure there is no 10 mmarks questrions? bz usually there's just 6 marks questions...
any suggestions on what the 6 marks questions may b about??? :smile:


10 mark section at the end. No one question will be ten marks though.

Six markers...
B4: Transpiration rates/Adaptation of leaves:dontknow:

Actually no idea...
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Advantages:
Easy to control nutrients
Smaller space?

Disadvantage:
Lots of nutrients needed
No soil to anchor roots in

Explain the menstruation cycle :h: with hormones and all :mmm:


Also for disadvantages you could say that electricity is being used
Advantage: better control of disease
you can grow crops in places where there's no fertile soil using hydroponics and you are right you can fit many plants in a smaller space...Look at some mark scheemes just in case...I don't think they really consider smaller space much..even thoguh books do
Original post by L'Evil Fish
Haha

Vacuole empties it out, when it's too high...?

How is beer made?:mmm:


pretty much.. :P

barley seeds sprout turning starch on the seeds into sugar, then you add hops to give flavour, then you mix it with yeast and let them respire to they reproduce and stuff then you seal fermenter and warm it so yeaast can respire anaerobically and produce ethanl and CO2, then you clarify it adding chemicals that settle the yeast....then you pasteurise beer by heating to 70 degrees for 15 secs to kill micro-organisms then you let it cool down, then you just bottle it

Describe the effect light intensity has on rate of photosynthesis?

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