OCR Chemistry F322~ 4th June 2013~ AS Chemistry

potassium dichromate and H+ for reflux, distil

acid catalyst for esterification

acid catalyst for alkene + steam

Ni for hydrogenation

Iron for haber process

Can't remember any more

Do we need to know nucleophillic substitution with water? Mechanism?

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Predictions...
no point stating them because everything WILL come up, look at the past papers if you don't believe me

Do we need to know exactly how a mass spectrometer works ?

Yes, and it's a hydroxide :OH-

would you ever get a secondary alcohol plus a carboxylic acid to form an ester? if you can, how do you do it?

may I just ask...that there is a nucleophillic addition and a nucleophillic substituition...are those different or same ;/ I think im overcomplicating myself

you're talking about oxidation of alcohols.

Secondary alcohols can easily form esters with carboxylic acids.

methanoic acid + propan-2-ol --> 2-propylmethanoate

But not with water right?

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Stage 1: Ionisation
Stage 2: Acceleration
Stage 3: Deflection
Stage 4: Detection

can tertiary alcohol + carboxylic acid form an ester? how does the displayed formula of the ester differ from secondary alcohols + carboxylic acid and primary alcohols + carboxylic acid?

The same way you do it normally, I'm pretty sure I did a question on it before. Remember to make an ester, you need to remove the O-H on the alcohol and remove the -H bonded to the -O in the carboxylic acid and then attach the free bond in the carbon in the alcohol to the -O in the carboxylic acid.


should be propyl ethanoate?*

Yes, they re TOTALLY different!

Nucleophilic Addition is the involvement of nitrogen rings and all sorts!
We learnt about seven mechanisms before whittling it down to the main three!
-.-



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I have been scanning through some old past papers. And here are some new type of long answer q's.

* Explain how CCl2F2 in the stratosphere alter the balance of oxygen and ozone. You should include equations in your answer. [6]
* Describe, using one example in each case, the different modes of action of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. [10]
* Outline how ethanol is produced industrially from sugars and from ethene. Comment on the decisions that a company needs to consider when deciding which of these methods to use. [8]
* Outline the processes of how components obtained from fractional distillation are refined with aid of suitable equations. State the importance of products formed in each process [8]

Some not so long, but tricky q's.
* Explain the greenhouse effect [3]
* State two environmental consequences of the presence of nitrogen monoxide
* Explain with reasons two uses of CCl2F2 [2]
* In the conditions often used in the Haber process, there is only a 15% yield of ammonia. Suggest what happens to any unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen. [1]



If you want answers, just ask me

I have been scanning through some old past papers. And here are some new type of long answer q's.

* Explain how CCl2F2 in the stratosphere alter the balance of oxygen and ozone. You should include equations in your answer. [6]
* Describe, using one example in each case, the different modes of action of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. [10]
* Outline how ethanol is produced industrially from sugars and from ethene. Comment on the decisions that a company needs to consider when deciding which of these methods to use. [8]
* Outline the processes of how components obtained from fractional distillation are refined with aid of suitable equations. State the importance of products formed in each process [8]

Some not so long, but tricky q's.
* Explain the greenhouse effect [3]
* State two environmental consequences of the presence of nitrogen monoxide
* Explain with reasons two uses of CCl2F2 [2]
* In the conditions often used in the Haber process, there is only a 15% yield of ammonia. Suggest what happens to any unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen. [1]



If you want answers, just ask me