Edexcel GCE Biology Unit 5 6BI05 June 2013

can somebody please tell me why the fact that mole rats dont follow normal circadian rhythms can help cure disordered sleep in humans?

this is just an idea becuase i dont know for sure. ...
but maybe there are some molecules that control normal sleeping patters ... circadian rhythms .... perhaps the mole rats have different/ particular concentractions of these and humans that have sleep disorder too ... we could recognise the differnces and treat the disorders by manipulating the numbers of these molecules ..

I love you so much! Thank you that makes so much more sense to me- just a few more clarifying questions ( so sorry )
Does it only stop being hyperpolarised when the rhodopsin has completely broken down?

ATP made through aerobic respiration- oxidative phosphorylation using ETC in mitochondira
ATP made in anaerobic respiration- substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis step which occurs in cytoplasm. NAD regenerated to allow continual production of ATP by reducing pyruvate to lactate.
Hydrolysis of phosphocreatine produces energy to be used to synthesise ATP.

-on side note the hydrolysis of phosphocreatine is triggered by high levels of ADP (due to ATP being broken down to release energy)

It's referring to fast twitch muscle fibres right?


1) The fibres have glycogen stores which can be broken down into glucose, the substrate for glycolysis (which doesn't need oxygen to function) a process which results in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.


2) When you exercise your ATP is rapidly used up so you're left with ADP (remember when you use ATP it is hydrolysed to release energy so ATP --> ADP + Pi + energy), the enzyme creatine kinase breaks down creatine phosphate to creatine + Pi and energy is released. This energy is used to synthesise more ATP to allow the muscle fibres to continue contracting.


I found this helpful for explaining how creatine phosphate works :
http://voices.yahoo.com/a-simple-look-creatine-phosphate-works-1535819.html

thank you is dark adaptation then when rhodopsin starts to be reformed so you get clearer vision after 30 or so minutes?

I still havent finished revising yet. still got past papers to do, and article questions to look at.

how does a drug affect the expression of an allele?

According to what I learnt, yes.
I don't think we have to know any more? xD

Yeap you are correct. Rhodopsin reforms at a faster rate in dark adaptation

I don't think we need anymore detail than what dark/light adaptation actually is but better safe than sorry :P

thank you

im doing normal edexcel, do i need to know the stuff about a and d and b and co? .... you explained it well its just alot to get my head around

The official Edexcel textbook is so crap it actually annoys me