IGCSE just means International GCSE, and is NOT another exam board.
As far as I know, Cambridge (CIE) and Edexcel offer IGCSE.
The biggest difference is the topic covered. GCSE in Britain covers Britain topics i.e. Geography of UK, History of UK etc. On the other hand, IGCSE does not cover Britain specifically, and does international topics. Geography is not based on Britain, and often the map work paper is based on a random island in Caribbean or something. We do World History like Cold War and for coursework, we choose a place out of US, Russia, Germany etc and not only Britain.
Science tends to be just a little bit more detailed. My school offers CIE IGCSE and used normal GCSE science textbooks before, but these textbooks did not cover everything needed for CIE IGCSE. So we had to buy new textbooks specifically made for CIE IGCSE.
CIE IGCSE is also famous for its nasty History papers, but I don't know how it's nasty because I've never done other exam board.
I don't know about English and Maths. I am certain that we do different books and anthology for English literature, but I don't think it matters. Maths may be harder or the same but again I don't know exactly because I've never done other exam board.