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Log of negative

I am trying to use the exponential form of complex numbers to evaluate ln(-9) or in general ln(a+bi). Taking ln(-9) as my example, I set y=ln(-9) so -9 = e^y. Now this resembles the form I am used to in some ways, but it still brings in its own problem, which is that e^y on its own represents a complex number of unit modulus, whereas -9 has modulus = 9. So we really would prefer to say -9 = 9 * e^y where y=i*theta, and then evaluate theta to find the complex solution, but we can't just stick 9 on the RHS from nowhere surely. So what do I do?
Reply 1
Original post by Big-Daddy
which is that e^y on its own represents a complex number of unit modulus

Why do you think that?
Reply 2
Original post by notnek
Why do you think that?


because I want to find the complex number solution and as far as I know, in the complex number solution of exponential form r*e^(i*theta), r represents modulus (magnitude) of the complex number - and here r=1 if we just have e^(i*theta) on the RHS
Reply 3
Original post by Big-Daddy
I am trying to use the exponential form of complex numbers to evaluate ln(-9) or in general ln(a+bi). Taking ln(-9) as my example, I set y=ln(-9) so -9 = e^y. Now this resembles the form I am used to in some ways, but it still brings in its own problem, which is that e^y on its own represents a complex number of unit modulus, whereas -9 has modulus = 9. So we really would prefer to say -9 = 9 * e^y where y=i*theta, and then evaluate theta to find the complex solution, but we can't just stick 9 on the RHS from nowhere surely. So what do I do?


You seem to be making a bit of a meal of this.

You can write ln(-9) = ln(9) + ln(-1) - there is no difficulty in evaluating ln(9) so your only issue is in choosing the principal value of ln(-1) which hopefully you should recognize from Euler's famous equation :smile:
Reply 4
Original post by davros
You seem to be making a bit of a meal of this.

You can write ln(-9) = ln(9) + ln(-1) - there is no difficulty in evaluating ln(9) so your only issue is in choosing the principal value of ln(-1) which hopefully you should recognize from Euler's famous equation :smile:


Thanks, but this method seems a bit limited in its flexibility. How about ln(a + bi) more generally? I figure you'd need to use the complex method something like I indicated in the OP to get to the answer?
Reply 5
Original post by Big-Daddy
because I want to find the complex number solution and as far as I know, in the complex number solution of exponential form r*e^(i*theta), r represents modulus (magnitude) of the complex number - and here r=1 if we just have e^(i*theta) on the RHS


This is only true when theta is real. e^(a+bi)) has modulus e^a if a and b are real.
Reply 6
Original post by Big-Daddy
Thanks, but this method seems a bit limited in its flexibility. How about ln(a + bi) more generally? I figure you'd need to use the complex method something like I indicated in the OP to get to the answer?


Same principle!

a+bi=reiθ=r(cosθ+isinθ)a + bi = re^{i\theta} = r(\cos \theta + i\sin \theta)

Now solve for r and theta (it's the same sort of idea as when you put a trig expression into harmonic form Rsin(x+a))

Then ln(a+bi)=lnr+iθln(a +bi) = ln r + i\theta

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