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Simple definition of Integrated Policy: "a policy that encompasses all modes of passenger and freight transport"
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Give examples i.e. bus subsidisation, ticketing, park and ride schemes, bike and ride schemes.
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Bus subsidisation are grants from (usually) the government to lower the cost of production to bus providers as they may be perceived as a merit good --> this would lower the firms ULC --> shift supply curve outwards on a S&D diagram --> this lowers the price of bus services --> making them more attractive and cheaper --> this would increase the level of consumption to Q2 (or whatever) --> meaning that more people have decided to start using or perhaps switch to bus services throughout their journey --> hence, creating a more intertwined transport system.
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Borris Bikes are another form of integrated transport policy --> their small size allows mobility whilst travelling within the condense city of London --> their large accessibility and low hourly costs make them attract to hire --> furthermore, there is no licensing required to hire the bikes which makes them even more attractive and more accessible to users --> this may encourage car users within the city to switch to a bikes due to the fact it allows more mobility on congested roads --> more time is saved --> lowers the cost to the consumer --> increases consumption of Borris Bikes --> this increases the diversity of transport that they use --> hence, increasing transport integration
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