I'm sure there are quite a few Muslims who would agree with lashings or the death penalty for adulterers. I don't believe it's excessive. Like I said, if you're a good, honest person then you shouldn't fear it. Can you imagine living in a place where you can almost guarantee your partner wouldn't cheat on you? If God prevented everyone from doing bad things what would be the point in putting us on this earth? If we were all good and decent people shouldn't we all be in paradise?
The concept of free will is quite a tricky one in Islam. Yes we believe in qadr but we still have a choice when it comes to our actions. No one is physically stopping us from doing anything.
If God gave proof of his existence like actually showing himself to us, then there wouldn't be a single atheist or agnostic in the world. It would defeat the purpose of the test. The reason why we were all put here in the first place.
Why is it not enough? Alhamdulilah I have a strong enough faith so it is enough for me and I do not question things anymore. It is also because there is a verse in the Quran that tells us not to question excessively, as it can lead to disbelief. And the Quran is all the proof you need. Imagine if God put us all in hell. Wouldn't we think that it is unfair and ask Him why weren't we at least given a chance? This world is the chance he has given us.
There might be some people who grow up in a Muslim household, but even if you don't, you still know and are aware that Islam exists (unless you live under a rock or something), so you don't have an excuse to say you've never heard of it.
Sorry if I haven't been able to answer your questions properly. I don't have a lot of knowledge like others
Ah I wish I could speak Arabic. You're so lucky.
Thank you. I've finally finished my January exams lol. Good luck to you too if you have any