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A2 Biology OCR June 2015 Revision Thread

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Original post by EspDe97
Could anyone explain the difference between endocrine and exocrine please? Thank you :smile:

Also, are we allowed to write in bullet points for questions other than the QWC ones?


Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands release mostly enzymes into cavities or onto the skin via ducts :smile:

You can write in bullet points in any question, and even some QWC questions. If the QWC says 'use appropriate terminology spelt correctly' then the QWC mark is for knowing long words, so go ahead and bullet point. If you do use bullet points in QWC questions though, try to make each 'point' a complete and coherent sentence rather than fragments of knowledge, eg;

beta cells detect high blood glucose

insulin released

binds to plasma membrane receptors

glycogenesis occurs

probably isn't great for a QWC on insulin.

If the QWC mark is to present your points in a coherent and logical order, then bullet points may even be better than continuous prose.
(edited 8 years ago)
Original post by Nadiabafekr
Endocrine secrete hormones directly into the blood
Exocrine secrete them into a duct to be transported wherever they're needed


Thank you! :smile:
Original post by Star Light
Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands release mostly enzymes into cavities or onto the skin via ducts :smile:

You can write in bullet points in any question, and even some QWC questions. If the QWC says 'use appropriate terminology spelt correctly' then the QWC mark is for knowing long words, so go ahead and bullet point. If you do use bullet points in QWC questions though, try to make each 'point' a complete and coherent sentence rather than fragments of knowledge, eg;

beta cells detect high blood glucose

insulin released

binds to plasma membrane receptors

glycogenesis occurs

probably isn't great for a QWC on insulin.

If the QWC mark is to present your points in a coherent and logical order, then bullet points may even be better than continuous prose.


Thank you so much! :smile: So would what you've written for insulin be fine for a non-QWC question?
Original post by Nellie97
any predictions of what might come up???


I heard a lot of people saying they think (and also i think) what will possibly come up as it has been a while is: how ADH works, possibly pregnancy test, temperature regulation,transmission across the synapse and control of the heart rate (pg 28-29).
Im getting super confused about Non-cyclic phosphorylation.
What do the electrons that get excited and move to a higher energy level have to do with the pigments?
Are they the electrons of the pigments?
Cheers :biggrin:
Original post by Nadiabafekr
image.jpg

This is the right pic sorry


thank you so much!
inshaAllah will smash this exam
Original post by mybutton jammed
thank you so much!
inshaAllah will smash this exam


You're welcome! Ahhaha yeah inshallah!
Original post by LMottram
Im getting super confused about Non-cyclic phosphorylation.
What do the electrons that get excited and move to a higher energy level have to do with the pigments?
Are they the electrons of the pigments?
Cheers :biggrin:


Yep, according to my textbook!
Chlorophyll is a mixture of pigments and its molecular structure contains a magnesium atom. When light hits chlorophyll, it causes a pair of electrons associated with magnesium to become excited and move to a higher energy level etc
I don't think we need to know it in this much depth though :smile:
Original post by LMottram
Im getting super confused about Non-cyclic phosphorylation.
What do the electrons that get excited and move to a higher energy level have to do with the pigments?
Are they the electrons of the pigments?
Cheers :biggrin:


Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
-involves both PS1 + PSII
- as light excited PSII, an electron is passed along electron carries to PSI, PSII regains its lost electron from the photolysis of water
-electron moves from PSI alone carriers to NADP reductase to make NADPH
-the movement of electrons causes a proton motive force which pumps protons through the membrane, and as they diffuse back through the channels connected to ATP synthase, ATP is made
Hope this helps x
How much evidence for chemiosmosis do we need to know? will we be given it like that past exam question or could they say 'evaluate the evidence for chemiosmosis(5)' with no information given
is chlorophyll a always the primary pigment at reaction centre of the photo systems ?
Original post by Maham88
is chlorophyll a always the primary pigment at reaction centre of the photo systems ?


Yes :smile: (At least that's what I've learnt, so I hope so!)
Original post by EspDe97
Thank you so much! :smile: So would what you've written for insulin be fine for a non-QWC question?


Yes, as long as it directly addresses the question of course. But don't put too much thought into getting the QWC marks, it's only 1 out of 4/5/6/7/8 marks for that question. Using legible writing, good English, and correct terminology in a logical piece of writing will usually be fine! If using paragraphs rather than bullet points might cause your points to not make sense or be in the wrong order, don't.

Original post by kingcobra007
How much evidence for chemiosmosis do we need to know? will we be given it like that past exam question or could they say 'evaluate the evidence for chemiosmosis(5)' with no information given


There are 4 'proof' experiments they can expect us to know - the pH in mitochondria, artificial vesicles, putting mitochondria into acidic and alkaline solutions, and uncouplers. They could give these and ask us to evaluate them, come up with conclusions, or indeed ask us to 'discuss' (unlikely as noone knows them well).

Original post by Maham88
is chlorophyll a always the primary pigment at reaction centre of the photo systems ?


In terms of A2 Biology - yes. Chlorophyll a is THE primary pigment, everything else is an accessory.
Reply 2173
Original post by masoolive
TEST: How are photosystems structured to maximise efficiency?


Anntenal shaped to ensure light hits reaction centre in the centre of the photosystem, surrounding accessory pigments in thylakoid membrane held in place by proteins to insure structure is not altered. The accessory pigments absorb light energy at various wavelengths, of which cannot be absorbed by the primary pigment this energy is passed down to the reaction centre. All pigments contain magnesium which is excited by protons to release electrons and submit energy.
(edited 8 years ago)
If we have to give the products of the link reaction and the krebs cycle, do you double the values because two pyruvate molecules are produced? So each cycle has to happen twice?
In my textbook it doubles the products of the link reaction but not the krebs cycle?
Help pls :frown:
Reply 2175
Original post by LMottram
If we have to give the products of the link reaction and the krebs cycle, do you double the values because two pyruvate molecules are produced? So each cycle has to happen twice?
In my textbook it doubles the products of the link reaction but not the krebs cycle?
Help pls :frown:


Because there are two pyruvate molecules which are produced by one molecule of glucose, you would state there are two turns of the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule? Hope that makes sense. You would also state that link rections happen twice per glucose molecule as the same applies.
So I suppose you would double the products definitely for link reaction, as it occurs twice and is not regenerated however as Krebs cycle is regenerated double products only if stated per glucose molecule. Because the products are per cycle.
(edited 8 years ago)
Original post by bmunro
Because there are two pyruvate molecules which are produced by one molecule of glucose, you would state there are two turns of the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule? Hope that makes sense. You would also state that link rections happen twice per glucose molecule as the same applies.
So I suppose you would double the products if it says per glucose definitely for link reaction, as it occurs twice and is not regenerated however as Krebs cycle is regenerated double products only if stated per glucose molecule. Because the products are per cycle.


Thank you!:biggrin:
Reply 2177
Original post by LMottram
Thank you!:biggrin:


It's fine :smile: hope it helped!
Best of luck everyone :smile:
Can someone help me on pregnancy test!! Are there monoclonal antibodies at one end which hcg binds to and then this conplex binds to immobilising antibodies at other end attatched to bead so theres a presence of the line?!?? HHELP


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