Help with referencing!

I'm in the process of writing my first summative essay for philosophy, and I'm a little confused re how to reference.

I'm going to outline a few different arguments, but I'm not sure how to go about referencing them - for example, do I outline the entire argument, and then insert a footnote? Or do I insert a footnote after each individual idea within the argument?

e.g.

Descartes says X and Descartes says Y, and then Descartes says Z.¹

or

Descartes says X¹ and Descartes says Y,² and then Descartes says Z.³

Obviously, each of the above would span roughly a paragraph or two rather than a single sentence, and the arguments covered are likely to be several pages in length.

Thanks.

Is it the same source you're referencing?

Yes.