Joint | Joint Type | Movement Range |
Hip | Ball and socket Allows multi-directional free movement. | +/- 80 degrees from rest position in X-Z plane, with roughly 60 degrees in Y-Z plane Flexion, leg lifting forwards Extension, lifting leg backwards Adduction, moving straight leg towards body Abduction, moving straight leg away from body. Medial Rotation, turning leg inward. Lateral Rotation, turning leg outward |
Elbow | Hinge Joint Allowing Movement in one plane, for instance up and down. Freely movable joint | 180 degree range X-Z plane. On the sagittal plane operating medial later axis of rotation. Flexion, moving bent arm towards body. Extension, enabling bent arm to straighten Pronation, rotating flat arm, palm down Supination, rotating a flat arm, palm up. |
Shoulder | Ball and Socket | Flexion, lifting straight arm upward. Extension, pushing straight arm backward. Medial Rotation; Inward, moving shoulders forward Outward, moving shoulders backward Circumduction, moving outstretched arms in a circular direction. Adduction, moving arms sideways downwards Abduction, moving arms sideways upwards |
Vertebrea | Cartilaginous Joint Cartilage between bones holds bones together forming a joint. | Limited movement, due to compressible pad of cartilage found in secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis): Thickness of the fibro-cartilage in these joints controls degree of movement. |
Wrist | Gliding joint Enables movement between bones. Freely movable joint | On the Sagittal plane of movement with a Medial-lateral Axis of Rotation 80 degree range Flexion, moving palm towards body from normal Extension, moving palm away from body from normal Adduction, moving hand downwards from normal Abduction, moving hand upwards from normal Circumduction, rotating. |
Skull | Fiburus Joint Found only in the skull, joints are held together with very short interconnecting fibres and weaving bone edges. | Immovable |
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Joint | Joint Type | Movement Range |
Hip | Ball and socket Allows multi-directional free movement. | +/- 80 degrees from rest position in X-Z plane, with roughly 60 degrees in Y-Z plane Flexion, leg lifting forwards Extension, lifting leg backwards Adduction, moving straight leg towards body Abduction, moving straight leg away from body. Medial Rotation, turning leg inward. Lateral Rotation, turning leg outward |
Elbow | Hinge Joint Allowing Movement in one plane, for instance up and down. Freely movable joint | 180 degree range X-Z plane. On the sagittal plane operating medial later axis of rotation. Flexion, moving bent arm towards body. Extension, enabling bent arm to straighten Pronation, rotating flat arm, palm down Supination, rotating a flat arm, palm up. |
Shoulder | Ball and Socket | Flexion, lifting straight arm upward. Extension, pushing straight arm backward. Medial Rotation; Inward, moving shoulders forward Outward, moving shoulders backward Circumduction, moving outstretched arms in a circular direction. Adduction, moving arms sideways downwards Abduction, moving arms sideways upwards |
Vertebrea | Cartilaginous Joint Cartilage between bones holds bones together forming a joint. | Limited movement, due to compressible pad of cartilage found in secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis): Thickness of the fibro-cartilage in these joints controls degree of movement. |
Wrist | Gliding joint Enables movement between bones. Freely movable joint | On the Sagittal plane of movement with a Medial-lateral Axis of Rotation 80 degree range Flexion, moving palm towards body from normal Extension, moving palm away from body from normal Adduction, moving hand downwards from normal Abduction, moving hand upwards from normal Circumduction, rotating. |
Skull | Fiburus Joint Found only in the skull, joints are held together with very short interconnecting fibres and weaving bone edges. | Immovable |
Joint | Joint Type | Movement Range |
Hip | Ball and socket Allows multi-directional free movement. | +/- 80 degrees from rest position in X-Z plane, with roughly 60 degrees in Y-Z plane Flexion, leg lifting forwards Extension, lifting leg backwards Adduction, moving straight leg towards body Abduction, moving straight leg away from body. Medial Rotation, turning leg inward. Lateral Rotation, turning leg outward |
Elbow | Hinge Joint Allowing Movement in one plane, for instance up and down. Freely movable joint | 180 degree range X-Z plane. On the sagittal plane operating medial later axis of rotation. Flexion, moving bent arm towards body. Extension, enabling bent arm to straighten Pronation, rotating flat arm, palm down Supination, rotating a flat arm, palm up. |
Shoulder | Ball and Socket | Flexion, lifting straight arm upward. Extension, pushing straight arm backward. Medial Rotation; Inward, moving shoulders forward Outward, moving shoulders backward Circumduction, moving outstretched arms in a circular direction. Adduction, moving arms sideways downwards Abduction, moving arms sideways upwards |
Vertebrea | Cartilaginous Joint Cartilage between bones holds bones together forming a joint. | Limited movement, due to compressible pad of cartilage found in secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis): Thickness of the fibro-cartilage in these joints controls degree of movement. |
Wrist | Gliding joint Enables movement between bones. Freely movable joint | On the Sagittal plane of movement with a Medial-lateral Axis of Rotation 80 degree range Flexion, moving palm towards body from normal Extension, moving palm away from body from normal Adduction, moving hand downwards from normal Abduction, moving hand upwards from normal Circumduction, rotating. |
Skull | Fiburus Joint Found only in the skull, joints are held together with very short interconnecting fibres and weaving bone edges. | Immovable |
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